Impact of Custom Union to Kazakhstan

custom uniMurat Serikbayev 20123402 Iimpact of customs union between Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan' to the car market in our country I want to start my Tethys from the history of Kazakhstan's car market, what are the prospects for the future and how it is influenced by the customs union. Before the financial crisis Kazakhstan’s car market demonstrated impressive growth, more than 25% annually, which is higher than in most developed countries.Used car market also was developed because it was cheap to buy a car abroad with a little customs tariffs in our country. So most of people preferred to have a used foreign car rather than a new car produced in Kazakhstan , it is might be because of quality of own produced cars and there are not so many choices. But after the crisis the car market rapidly declined approximately 30-40 %. The biggest factor of the recession, is a significant rise in the cost of loans by Kazakhstan banks and tightening requirements for borrowers.Used car mar ket also showed the downturn. Until 2008, every second car buyer used the bank loan. Today to get the loan for purchasing a car can only one of the 20 buyers. Nowadays Kazakhstan’s car market have 11 companies which officially sell about 40 foreign car brands. In addition to global brands we have the biggest Russian company â€Å"AvtoVaz†. Also we have own car plant in Ust Kamenogorsk which produces a car brands like AvtoVaz, Chevrolet, SsangYong, Chance, IVECO and Skoda for up to 45000 cars per year.Although until recently, the phrase â€Å"Kazakhstan's car† sounded like nonsense. In July 2011 Kazakhstan fully joined to customs union with Belarus and Russia. In that time the public and the media met this statement negatively, arguing the right to freedom of choice of products because customs tariffs for cars increased up to 30% and plus 12% VAT, so it means that it is disadvantageously to buy a new or used car abroad in order to save money they are used to do i n past like in 2007.But some said that in order to develop our production, it is necessary to protect market from third country imports. Also car dealers also agree that it will increase demand for officially new cars, as Vadim Artamonov says, Director, Rolf Import Kazakhstan  «In general, as for the market, a milestone event occurred last year. Preferential import duties on cars have been canceled for the first time since last July and Kazakhstan fully joined the Customs Union. Accordingly, this enabled the market to grow significantly.Now the market growth stands at about 30% annually.  ». In 2011, the amount of vehicles sold by official dealers in Kazakhstan increased by 49. 6% as compared to 2010. I think and aware that joining to customs union will affect positively and will give more advantages for our car producers, and we will develop own car industry like for example in Malaysia, Thailand and Brazil. For example initially in Malaysia cars produced from imported parts, b ut gradually is localized production.Now their own car marked developed well and besides the domestic market the company's products are exported to UK and some European countries, they have brand like Proton, it’s Malaysia's biggest automaker, is specialized in the production of vehicles under license from Mitsubishi. So we can do the same things, today one of fifth cars sold in the country – Kazakhstan’s production. But the potential of the domestic consumer market of these products is much higher. Also we can deliver our products to the Russian and Belarusian automotive markets.And I want to say that that it is not just developing car market in Kazakhstan, it’s also developing our economic as whole because it is imply a new jobs for our citizens means less unemployment, we invest our money in our country, not investing another countries as previously. I think we have to support and buy own produced cars instead of buying used foreign cars, and we should make a contribution on that in order to develop our production. Another thing also I want to mention is that our dealers are ready to provide loans for their cars on affordable terms and it would be good opportunity for customers.Because it is a new car and it has a guarantee from 3 to 5 years. According to experts, in an environment where the cost of imported second-hand cars increases so that they cease to be available to the masses, and new import cars get very luxury for our customers, so optimal combination of price and quality would be own produced cars. ( ) ? ? ? – , , ? . ? . . . ? . , ? ? . . , 90% . . , ? , , ? - – . . ? ? ? ? . ? ? .

Pearl Harbor

When it comes down to major events in our countries history such as the attack Pearl Harbor, the acting cast should have put more heart into their characters to put the movie over the top. Throughout the movie, Pearl Harbor, the whole story revolves around the main characters of Rafe McCawley (Ben Affleck), Daniel â€Å"Danny† Walker (Josh Hartnett) and Nurse Evelyn Johnson (Kate Beckinsale). When it came down to those three characters in the movie, Pearl Harbor, the character development could have been portrayed very differently considering what this event did to the country.All of the acting in this moving seemed as if it was half-hearted and could have been done a lot better. The movie Pearl Harbor is directed by Michael Bay, also with the help of Jerry Bruckheimer and Randall Wallace. The main cast now a days is a very popular group of people. The names of Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett, Kate Beckinsale, Alex Baldwin (Major Jimmy Doolittle) and Cuba Gooding Jr. (Petty Officer 2nd Class, Dorie Miller) are the main actors/actress in this movie. The purpose of this movie was to show the story of what happened on December 7, 1941 on the islands of Hawaii. Mostly throughout the movie it was based on the love triangle that occluded between Affleck, Hartnett and Beckinsale. It is kind of a drag to a movie that is supposed to be about the bravery and courage that USA managed to still have after one of the most tragic events ever took place against them. From a character stand point, it could have been acted differently to make up for the fact the movie wasn’t about the details of the war as much as you would expect it to be. Rafe McCawley (Affleck) was always there to protect Danny from all the trouble that he encounters throughout his life. It all started at the beginning of the movie when Danny’s Father hits Danny, Rafe hits his Danny’s Father over the back, which shows right away that he is there to protect him. This is a characteristic that was learned right away about Rafe and how he is when it comes to his best friend. Rafe is a cocky fighter pilot that is in the Army at the time, with his best friend, Danny. Everything about Rafe is either him being cocky when it comes to his flying skills or else being over protective of Danny. When it came to his character it should have een better played out where it was harder to find out what the character is all about, but in this case he was easy to figure out which made the character kind of plain and dull. When it came to emotional scenes, Rafe would not look as emotional as he should when he gets the news he does, the only time he really showed true emotion is when he couldn’t protect Danny, but even then he over acted it. Personally there could have been a few ways Rafe could have showed his emotions differently. For example when he returned from his duties over in Europe, Danny had taken the place of him in Evelyn’s heart. When he returned he found out about this and the way he took it was not the way you would expect it to be handled when a person is in a crisis like this. He kind of just shrugs it off and kind movies on as if it doesn’t affect him. A person now a day would act completely different. They would be very mad at his friend and would have completely disowned his friend and the girl. Not only would that happen the person that would be in Rafe’s shoes would also be most likely be emotionally scared and hurt, not just be able to forget about it and move on with them in his life still. When it came down to Rafe in the movie Pearl Harbor he could have showed more heart and emotion when it came to his character in this movie. Daniel â€Å"Danny† Walker is also an amazing fighter pilot who was Rafe’s wingman. He was always looked at by Rafe as his younger brother and was always being protected from him. He would always want to be there to help out and look out for Rafe as well. When Rafe was over in Europe Danny began to fall for Evelyn, who was at the time Rafe’s girlfriend. He was the caring, sweet character between the two pilots. Just like Rafe, Danny was also a character who was not well developed because he was also very easy to read what kind of person he was. Danny was too sensitive for what his character actually does in this movie. The way he is portrayed in this movie, he would do anything to keep peace and happiness with close people in his life. But the twist was he went for his best friend’s girlfriend and fell in love with her. If he really was as sensitive as he showed while acting, a person like that would truly not do that to their friend. The acting was basically all Hollywood to try to add some extra effects to the movie when what actually happened didn’t fit the way the character acted all movie long. You cannot blame the reason for this on Josh Hartnett, it has to do with the directing and them telling Hartnett how he should perform during these situations. Evelyn Johnson (Kate Beckinsale) was a nurse that fell madly in love over the charm Rafe had at the medical examinations. Evelyn and Rafe were both stationed in the same location until she was stationed in Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and Rafe was going over to Europe. She showed her emotions and love for Rafe through notes they would write back and forth. Evelyn, while she was separated from Rafe, in Hawaii got some unwanted news from Danny. After that the two of them started to have a romance between them. When Rafe came back from Europe he was stationed in Hawaii to reunite with his girlfriend and best friend. But that’s when everyone finds out what kind of person Evelyn was. Towards the beginning of the movie she is â€Å"madly in love† with Rafe and all of a sudden after she gets some news, her heart has a change of ways and is going for Rafe’s best friend, Danny. You can understand people have a change of heart and cannot wait around forever, but for a person to stop loving someone and go for their best friend is just something that doesn’t happen too often, especially after the way she shows her affection towards the two men. Once again it was a Hollywood set up to make the movie have more drama to it. They basically added her emotions and this part of the story to the movie to add more length and storyline to it. If these scenes were taken out of the movie, the plot would be a little different but would still have the same concept, also would be a better historical movie rather than a drama movie. When it came to a movie such as Pearl Harbor where this event scared the humanity of America, the movie should have been more focused on the issue it is title after, rather than the love romance that happened between the characters. This movie is a great movie, but if it were to take out the sappy romance or at least have the actors and actress put a little more effort and more timely emotions into the picture it would have made this movie even better. When it comes down to the character development, it made this movie only a good movie compared to the potential to be an excellent movie.

Correctional Reform in the United States Assignment

Correctional Reform in the United States - Assignment Example Introduction The prison reforms carried out by the Pennsylvania Prison Society were in many ways way ahead of their time and form the foundation of a lot of modern correctional facility design, function and purpose. The first prison built as a result of the reforms initiated by this society resulted in the first facilities with individual cells for prisoners including a flush toilet in each one (even before there was a flush toilet in the White House) and the first use of the modern shower. The prison was seen not as a place of punishment but more as a place for those found guilty to perform a kind of penance for their crimes, hence the name â€Å"Penitentiary† was coined to represent a prison. These reforms did not happen by accident but were as a result of sustained pressure from right thinking members of society and became the basis of today’s correctional systems (Lynch, 2011). 1. The main group that was associated with this change was the Pennsylvania Prison Societ y, whose members came from different Christian faith that were resident in Philadelphia. The group included professionals, clergymen, merchants and other leaders in the society. They were mainlyQuakers by religion and their interest in prisons was in a large way influenced by the fact that they had endured religious persecution that frequently included imprisonment thus they had already formed an interest in prison conditions and the treatment meted out to prisoners in these establishments. 2. The reforms were desired because of the public outcry over the treatment of prisoners. In the 1700s, prison services were established with three major objectives –reforming the prisoners so they came back to being useful and viable members of society once again, prevention of further crimes by showing to all and sundry and especially the lawbreakers that crime did not pay and thirdly to protect the public and other members of society from criminals and other such offenders. However, the resources to adequately house the prisoners were never adequate. As a result, jailers who were not paid a regular salary before the reforms would extort money from the prisoners while at the same time selling them alcohol, cigarettes and making them pay for every service provided in the prisons. The prisoners ended up having to sell their clothing and pay huge bribes during their stay in the prison. Prisoners were supposed to serve hard labor along the streets of Philadelphia especially while awaiting their sentencing and the sight of them chained together, many of them nearly naked; walking the streets of the city caused a great public outcry. There were also reports of prostitution taking place in the prisons as well, under the watchful eyes of bribe-taking jailers. That, coupled with the widespread sale and consumption of alcohol in the jails resulted in a lot of violence and fights that led to injury, death and a generally low quality of life for the inmates in the city’ s jails. These are the reasons that caused the need for reform (Lynch, 2011). 3. The reforms that were initiated were largely successful. There was improvement in especially the public perception and the public attitude towards prisoners, who were seen as members of society

Group Decision Making Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Group Decision Making - Term Paper Example Thus, in cases where decision making involves technical aspects, tools and applications come in handy to the group members, whereas in situations that warrants identifying potential issues and challenges, brainstorming and discussions play an important role. How do groups arrive at decisions that are mutually understood and accepted? What are the different dimensions involved in the group decision making process? These are some of the questions addressed in this paper that illustrates the dynamics of group decision making through practical insights and examples. Group dynamics and decision making process Groups comprising of number of individuals provide an effective platform for enhancing performance at workplace or achieving common goals and objectives that form the primary reason for forming a group. Working in a group is riddled with challenges since individuals from different backgrounds, attitude and opinion come together to work towards common goals (O’Connell & Cuthber tson, 2009). Coordination and cooperation among the group members can be challenging since arriving at a single decision requires mutual understanding and empathy between the group members. The diversity in opinion, outlook and perspective clash at each stage of the decision making process – thereby causing conflict and failure to arrive at a single decision. However, the benefits associated to working in groups cannot be undermined since collaborative ventures can be more fruitful and have expanded potentials in terms of achieving the desired outcomes (foundation coalition, 2011). In order to overcome these challenges decision making process within groups is guided by certain norms and statutes that help the group in arriving at a decision. The effectiveness of decision making in groups is realized in the fact that an individual could not have taken the decision alone, the decision provides a perfect solution to the problem, the decision is based on unbiased inputs provided by group members and contributes to the group objectives (foundation coalition, 2011). Johnson and Johnson in their book (2009) describe five distinct methods of decision making that include decision making by authority, decision making by majority, decision making by minority, decision making by expert and decision making by consensus. Among these methods decision making by expert and consensus are widely used in most scenarios. Group discussions and problem solving processes in groups are often presided by experts who can provide their valuable opinion and views in context that helps the group in making the final decision. Often the expert is one of the members of the groups and in some cases an external individual might be consulted or asked to preside over the discussions to enable the group to take judicious decisions. However, the primary challenge in this decision making approach lies in identifying a key member of the group or external individual who is acknowledged as an ex pert in the given context by all members of the group. â€Å"Group members who do not view the expert as an authority may be reluctant to implement the recommended decision† (O’Connell & Cuthbertson, 2009). Decision making by group consensus is commonly applied in teams working towards common goals and objectives. The term consensus implies that all members of th

Trends in Labor Force Participation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Trends in Labor Force Participation - Essay Example On the other hand, labor-force participation among men dropped from 87 percent to 71 percent. The author states that there has been a vast range of reasons that have led to the increase in women’s labor force participation. For instance, the rise and improvement of technology in the information era resulting into less time required for household chores, and changes in social and political attitudes among others (Mankiw 38). Alternatively, the decline in labor-force participation in men can be attributed to early and prolonged retirement period, and more time consumed in school among young men. Westernization and globalization has also affected the emergence and increase of labor-force participation among women. In the current world, women participation in various social, economic and political leadership positions has drastically increased. Women empowerment programs and women labor unions have played an imperative role in ensuring women get equal representation and fair treat ment in the workplace (Mankiw 38). According to some economists, labor-force participation is expected to drop in the future as a result of increased old population share in the labor market. Today, equal representation in the labor-force participation among men and women has been witnessed. On the other hand, there is need for government intervention in protecting available opportunities in order creates more chances and participation in the labor-force with women participation in the labor market increasing from 33 percent t0 59 percent.

Dress Code in High Schools in United State Are you with or against Essay

Dress Code in High Schools in United State Are you with or against - Essay Example Administrations of high schools hold the responsibility of ensuring that their schools remain safe and orderly. With the Education Commission of States, ECS (2014) citing statistics from the National School Board Association estimating the number of guns snaked into American public schools at 135,000, the implementation of dress codes would play a critical role in identifying such persons and thus promote a safe school environment. Raby (2012) documents dress codes that require students to expose their belt lines as significant in deterring the concealing of guns under clothing. Furthermore, it is easier for intruders to be identified in a school that has a dress code (Wilder & Key, 2007). This plays a critical role in identifying any persons who come to school with ill intent. Schools that have implemented dress codes have recorded a decrease in fights and violence. Dress codes improve students’ academic performance. This is because, as documented by Gentile and Imberman (2010), having a standard way of dressing helps students concentrate on their academics. It saves a lot of time spent dressing, especially for adolescent students, thus saving time for studies and sleep, both of which promote academic achievement. Thus, dress codes help schools achieve their academic objectives. Thirdly, schools with dress codes have been noted to promote positive educational environments. Such positive educational environments have been promoted by requiring students to wear uniforms. Wilder and Key (2007) support this argument by giving an account of President Clinton’s 1996 State of the Union address which endorsed the idea of uniforms in schools following findings that school uniforms instilled student discipline, decreased theft and increased resistance to peer pressure. Sharing in the same sentiments, Raby (2012) observes that dress codes in schools reduce teasing among students. This promotes harmony in the school, fostering an appropriate environment

Hatshepsut Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hatshepsut - Research Paper Example III. Analysis of Hatshepsut A. The World Scene 1. Hatshepsut ruled Egypt for about twenty-two years from 1479 to 1458 B.C 2. Hatshepsut faced problems related to gender discrimination in leadership positions, and typical feminine representations. 3. Several factors around Hatshepsut facilitated her reign and success as an Egyptian pharaoh, such as the death of Thomose I, absence of appropriate successor, and Egypt’s wealth as well as peace. B. Actions of Hatshepsut 1. Hatshepsut is renowned as a prolific builder because of her spectacular Egyptian monuments and temples featured in ancient Egyptian history. 2. Hatshepsut attained significant achievements in trade and military expeditions. C. Impact of Hatshepsut 1. Hatshepsut provides an affirmative perspective on women leadership 2. Hatshepsut revealed the need for women to stand against discriminative policies and rules. 3. Hatshepsut’s made exceptional contributions to politics 4. Hatshepsut made contributions in arch itectural designs through her creative concepts embedded in monuments as well as temples. IV. Conclusion A. Hatshepsut was an influential leader whose actions and decisions affect the history of the world, especially Egypt. B. Historical figures make great history Hatshepsut’s Historical Contributions Introduction Historical figures are significant contributors of world History. The apparition of their intellect, exquisiteness of their art, their divine inspiration as well as leadership prowess results to enhancement of the world’s history. Some historians argue that societal, economic, and technological aspects are more imperative to history compared to individuals’ actions and decisions. However, historical figures or great men are credited for various essential developments in the past that significantly feature in contemporary recorded history. This paper will analyze Hatshepsut’s contributions during her reign as an Egyptian pharaoh with respect to t he Great Man theory by Thomas Carlyle, and it will also attempt to reveal the importance of historical figures’ actions and decisions in history. Analysis of Hatshepsut Background Hatshepsut was Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose’s eldest daughter, wife to Thutmose II, mother to Neferure. Hatshepsut was one of the renowned, triumphant pharaohs as well as famous female-ruler in history, whose time in power superseded those of other women in the native Egyptian dynasty. The name Hatshepsut refers to the â€Å"most noble of noble ladies† signifying her unprecedented power attainment among ancient Egyptian women, and eventual crowning as pharaoh during the eighteenth dynasty. Hatshepsut initially acted as a co-regent to her stepson; Thutmose III, but she became pharaoh after about seven years. This marked Hatshepsut’s desertion of Queen’s roles as well as titles with the commencement of her reign as a female and conventional pharaoh. Hatshepsut reputation as a remarkable pharaoh is associated with various outstanding activities that took place during her reign. These included her participation in trade as well as armies expeditions, construction of some of the greatest Egyptian monuments, and acquisition of male roles in her leadership as pharaoh. Furthermore, Hatshepsut remained in power as pharaoh for twenty-two years before the reign of her successor, Thutmose III (Hill 3). The World Scene Hatshepsut ruled Egypt for about

Aesthetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aesthetics - Essay Example Those belonging to the former school of thought contest that beauty lies only "in the eye of the beholder" whereas the latter claim that aesthetic characteristics exist independently of the mind. Ultimately the question is whether the aesthetic quality is subjective or objective and if it is possible to have objective standards of taste. An attempt has been made to answer this question by comparing and critically analyzing the works of Hume, Kant and Bell on the issue of aesthetic judgment and taste.Hume was an empiricist; he believed that all knowledge was derived exclusively from the senses based on individual perception and resulting from experience. Thus his viewpoint is essentially subjective. He feels that aesthetic enjoyment comes from deep within and one needs "that delicacy of imagination" without which one will be unable to appreciate the finer points of great art. Sentiment is another factor which affects one's reaction to works of art. There is no right or wrong sentiment because it "has a reference to nothing beyond itself". Beauty is another quality that "exists merely in the mind". And yet in the midst of all this subjectivity he never implies that aesthetic judgement is entirely personal. In fact common sense which he sets much store by indicates that responses may be right or wrong but some are invariably much better than others.Hume seeks to establish a standard of taste, "a rule" that works by "confirming one sentiment, and condemning another." He prescribes five factors that are prerequisites for a true judge - "Strong sense united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison and cleared of all prejudice". This standard attempts to adhere to the universal principles of taste while smoothing out individual differences. However there are two factors which prevent the functioning of the standard mechanism - "the one is the different humours of particular men; the other, the particular manners and opinions of our age and country". And on this note we can conclude Hume's account of aesthetic judgement. IMMANUEL KANT: THE CRITIQUE OF AESTHETIC JUDGEMENT Kant is the father of modern aesthetics. His invaluable contribution to philosophy at large and aesthetics in particular has consolidated his position as one of the most influential thinkers of all time. At the very onset of the essay Kant states that beauty is discerned "by means of the imagination" in conjunction with understanding as opposed to "a view of cognition". Feelings of pleasure or displeasure play a pivotal role in aesthetic judgement. Pleasure is merely a mental state and it has nothing to do with the properties of the object that elicits the response. Thus according to Kant, the "determining ground" is largely subjective. However there is scope for objectivity under certain controlled circumstances. Kant asserts that the element of interest in the judgement of aesthetic quality tends to be "partial and not a pure judgement of taste". A complete state of "disinterestedness" coupled with the imagination and naked perception must be preserved for effective judgement. If this state can be affected it is possible to arrive at a judgement that has "universal validity". CLIVE BELL: THE AESTHETIC HYPOTHESIS Bell does not mince words in his aesthetic hypothesis. He states that "The starting point for all systems of aesthetics must be the personal experience of a peculiar emotion." Of course the same work of art may provide different emotions in different people but "there is a particular kind of emotion" which is common to all kinds of "visual art". This aesthetic emotion may or may not be felt by people as it is

Evolution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evolution - Term Paper Example Moreover, such explanation (Mayr, 2002) of the evolution has emphasized primarily the God, foremost and final cause of appearances of first organism in this world that is the cell. From this cause, there has been evolution involving millions of years that enabled the single cell to evolve and transform into a mammal, or more specifically, the humans. In this regard, the theistic interpretation of evolution has been a factual explanation of the human evolution while involving the role of supernatural dynamics in the form of God that commenced everything. On the other hand, there exists the theory of evolution by Darwin (Larson, 2004) that has been the most popular name in this area of study, and has been successful in influencing and convincing a huge number of world populations. Especially scientists that follow Darwin in the case of human evolution, and agree that all creatures in this world have come after evolving from organisms of one cell, and millions of years turned them into multiple-celled organisms. Another explanation of the human evolution exists in the story that points out the location of East Africa, a heavily forested region that was a home for primate inhabitants of varying kinds approximately ten million years ago. However, after five million years, the region began to experience radical climatic alterations that altered from wet to more dry and barren conditions, and subsequently, the forested region changed from wet jungle to a desolated land. Such alteration inclined the primates to change their habitat from tree to the land that brought together the most atrocious forces of marauders on the land area of the globe. Such stories then connect the different varieties of wild animals found in African forests these days. In addition, such transformation from tree dwelling to ground-inhabitants provided the opportunity of humans to

Zipcar It's Not about Cars It's about Urban Life Case Study

Zipcar It's Not about Cars It's about Urban Life - Case Study Example By offering customers something other than the conventional car-rental, Zipcar offered an array of benefits that included reduced traveling time in densely populated cities like New York. By offering a variety of cars to choose from customers had the opportunity to experience new vehicles according to their moods. It helped in saving money and catered to their need of having a car without actually owning one. By tapping on their values of greening, it widely promoted the positive environmental impact of Zipcar through reduced emissions, fuel consumption etc. comfort of rental and easy accessibility also made it easy for customers to trial, use and remain loyal to the business. A2 Zipcar started off by tapping on one of the attributes of the prevalent value system, environment friendliness. By promoting the environmental benefits like reduced emissions and responsible initiative, Zipcar managed to differentiate itself from the other market players. Pairing this with a set of benefits like convenience, affordability, variety and green attitude etc., Zipcar was able to consolidate both the benefits and value to reflect the company’s image of economy and efficiency. The positioning of ‘we love earth’ and subsequent promotion of how they do so through their offering they are able to focus on how the efficiency of their business and its purpose contributes towards convenient, affordable and safe traveling. A3The value-based positioning by Zipcar based on environmental consciousness and responsible actions towards reducing environmental harm, which they started off with, was successful in giving them a strong footing in the market. This is the positioning that allowed them to differentiate themselves from the array of car rental services that were prevalent in the market at that.Customer oriented strategies are driven by the needs of the customers. A combination of tangible benefits and intangible values make a perfect strategy mix that can help gain market standing and make a business a success, much in the case of Zipcar.

The educational system Essay Example for Free

The educational system Essay The educational system of the United States has undergone several reforms that coincide with the political perspective at that time (Hochschild Scovronick, 2003). Consequently, the drastic reforms often left the schools confused. One thing that educational reforms all share is the reliance on state or standardized tests. These achievement tests have been used to measure the performance of schools and statistics had been used to prove whether a school was performing within the standards set by the state. Test scores have been shown to be reliable indicators of learning competencies if the tests match the curriculum of the schools and this is a challenge for there are different schools in the country that follows different approaches to teaching and learning philosophies (Hochschild Scovronick, 2003). The state however requires that all schools should follow state mandated minimum learning competencies across all levels. The diversity of the cultural backgrounds of students in our schools is a fact and one that has been emphasized by educators as a limitation to testing, however, test developers had responded to this issue by improving their norming population and to revise test items that were found to be culturally biased. Thus, they argue that test scores is indeed an objective measure of academic performance. Studies on test performance and academic performance have tried to establish that there is a positive relationship between the two; when test scores are high, academic grades also is high (Goodwin Leech, 2003). Therefore, a school that has high test scores is performing well. An interesting research question in this respect is to determine whether schools that have high test scores indeed are better schools. This is an important research question because so much depends on standardized tests and it is only right that it should be an objective and valid measure of the school’s performance. This can be measured by taking the academic grades of the school and correlating it with the specific subtests scores in the state-wide standardized tests, the hypothesis is that this schools would have high positive correlation between subject grades and subtest scores. What is being established by this research question is whether subject grades also reflect the same scores in the subtests; it is a fact that test scores and performance rates are computed based on the overall test score and even researches use the general academic average to correlate it with the overall test score. Correlation only tests relationships and associations, it does not attribute causation, thus one cannot say that higher academic grades causes higher test scores or vice versa, but it has been assumed that it does. Correlation however is the best tool to use in this situation since test scores and academic grades have a linear relationship and are a normal distribution (Triola, 2004). The results of the inquiry would establish the association between test scores and academic grades for every subject area tested. This would give us a better indicator of performance rather than just using the over-all scores and general average wherein values get lost in the averaging process. Moreover, tests of correlation can determine the direction of the relationship and the effect size (Triola, 2004). On the other hand, correlation can be used to misrepresent the results by attributing causality to the either one of the variables (Triola, 2004). Also, most reports do not cite the correlation coefficient nor the effect size, but merely says that well-performing schools have higher test scores without even discussing how schools are identified as well-performing or not, it is also assumed that high test scores is synonymous to better schools. When it is statistically possible to increase test score performance ratings by practices such as teaching to the test, choosing only the best students to take the test, or to limit the number of slow learners taking the test or even to just use the average of all the scores in every level to determine test performance ratings (Goodwin Leech, 2003). References Hochschild, J. Scovronick, N. (2003).The American Dream and the Public Schools. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Goodwin, L. Leech, N. (2003). The meaning of validity in the new Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing: Implications for measurement courses. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 36;3, 181-91. Triola, M. (2004). Elementary Statistics 9th ed. New York: Pearson-Addison Wesley Press.

Advert Review Skoda Fabia Essay Example for Free

Advert Review Skoda Fabia Essay The Skoda Fabia vRS isn’t like a fruit cake at all. It’s just plain evil! Skoda’s cars have been considered cheap claptrap for years. If I asked anyone old enough to have an opinion they would answer â€Å"useless pile of junk† or â€Å"Eastern European unreliability†. Skoda, wanting to give themselves a new image came up with the â€Å"Cake† ad. With the tagline â€Å"Made of Lovely Stuff† they were obviously trying to rebrand their product, to say their cars were made of good quality materials with love and attention. Skoda’s famous cake advert would have you believe the Skoda Fabia is made of chocolately goodness and gluttonous cake; think Willy Wonka’s birthday cake. Skoda has now made the sequel, and it is not cakey, nor chocolately. To show just how tough the Fabia vRS is the new advert shows a group of utter nutters lovingly biting, punching and rattling the hot Fabia. Skoda is currently enjoying its best year on record; and obviously the company wants to build on the momentum by launching a new TV campaign for the Fabia vRS hot hatchback. Skoda decided to follow in other companies footsteps and create a tongue in cheek parody of their product. The new ad, which is meant to show the darker side of the 180-horsepower-strong hatchback, features the Made from Meaner Stuff tagline. Following a similar format to the Fabia ‘Cake’ advert, the new ‘meaner’ vRS campaign now adopts a much darker feel. Set in a secret location within the Skoda factory, the liquorice, treacle and jelly vehicle components of cake make way for a bone chassis, a snake-powered engine and some unorthodox finishing techniques. The recent ad appeals to a new audience compared to the earlier cake ad. It is aimed at a younger male audience. Hot-hatchbacks, such as this, are perfect for a younger male car owner as they are practical for driving with your mates and are also fast and fun to drive. It has been turbocharged and supercharged to produce a smidgen under 180 horsepower giving it a top speed of 139 miles an hour (good for a â€Å"Skoda†). The Fabia comes with sports suspension so is quick and less floppy in the corners than the standard version. All this adds up to it being altogether fun to drive and go fast in. The ad also accentuates the â€Å"meanness† of the car with humorous and strange materials used for creating the car. The engine is made of snakes and runs on snake venom. The chassis is made out of a skull. The alloys are cast from samurai swords. All this adds up to equal â€Å"MEAN†. The man biting the door into shape reminds us of Jaws from the Bond movies. While the crossbow that ends up being the windscreen wiper which is extremely crazy. The song in both ads is â€Å"These are some of my Favourite Things† however while in the cake ad it is the original version with Julia Andrews. In the â€Å"Made of Meaner Stuff† ad it is a heavy rock version by The Amatory Murder. While it may appeal to a younger male audience, this ad may not appeal to an older audience because of the mean nature of the ad and older people are generally more precautious so wouldn’t want a sports car. This would lose Skoda a large proportion of the market however that audience wouldn’t be likely to buy a souped up hot-hatchback anyway. This means they didn’t actually lose much of the potential market anyway. And the older female audience would be more interested in the normal Fabia which Skoda advertised with the Cake ad, which incidentally increased their profits to their best year on record. Overall the ad is successful and memorable with a clear and excellent â€Å"unique selling point†. It creates a mean and crazy impression of the car that I’m sure would convince many a young adult to buy the Skoda Fabia vRS instead of say a Ford Fiesta ST or Golf GTi. Skoda will surely succeeded in putting out there that they make â€Å"exceedingly good† cars.

Super Sensitive Intruder Alarm

Super Sensitive Intruder Alarm In the project first I will have do research for three or more circuit which have at least three active components. I will do the research by using the internet, books, magazines etc. After the research I will choose the circuit which I think is simple and easy for me to do my project on. I will do further research on the chosen circuit to understands how it works and how the components work. So when I start to making the project I will be able to deal with the faults if I find any in the circuit. Circuit 1 Fire alarm This circuit is used is used when a fire occurs. The circuit relies on the smoke produced in the event of fire. The light which falls on LRD decreases when the smoke passes between bulb and LDR. This increases the resistance of the LDR and the voltage increases at the base of transistor. Then the supply to COB is complete to set off the alarm. The sensitivity of the circuit is the distance between bulb LDR and it can also be preset setting of VR1. Reference: http://english.cxem.net/home/home36.php Circuit 2 Fire alarm The 555 timer (IC1) is an oscillator at audio frequency which is configured to run freely. The T1 and T2 (transistors) build IC1 value. The pin 3 of IC1 is couples to the base of transistor, which makes the speaker to make the alarm go off. The thermistor is the key to the alarm. Also when the resistance is low and the temperature is high the alarm will sound. The frequency of NE555 depends on the values of resistances R5 and R6 and capacitance C2. The circuit can be powered from a 6V battery or a 6V power supply. The thermistor can be mounted on a heat resistant material like mica to prevent it from damage due to excessive heat. The LED acts as an indication when the power supply is switched ON. Reference: http://www.circuitstoday.com/2008/04/30 Circuit 3 super sensitive intruder alarm In this circuit the alarm will set off when the shadow of an intruder passing few meters nearby the circuit is enough to trigger the alarm. IC2 uA 741 is wired as sensitive comparator; its set point is by R6 and R7. The voltage divide by LDR and R9 is given at non inverting pin of IC2. When there is an intruder near by or close to the LDR the shadow will make the resistance to increase. In that case the voltages at the inputs of comparator will be different and the out put of IC2 will be low. There fore the Q1 will turn on. This makes a negative going pulse to trigger the IC1 which is wired as a mono-stable multi-vibrator. The out put of IC1 will be amplified by Q2 (SL 100) to produce alarm. The LDR can be housed in a dark tube to increase sensitivity. The sensitivity is very important here. If you cannot adjust the required sensitivity properly, use one LOW resistance (~1K) POT in series with R9 for fine adjustment. Reference: http://www.circuitstoday.com/super-sensitive-intruder-alarm Choosing circuit: The circuits have done research on are very simple and interesting. The circuit I am going to do for my project is the intruder alarm circuit. The components in the circuit are simple and I have used them in the past. I understand how the components work and how the components behave so it will be easy for me to make the circuit. I can also make the other two circuits but they are not as simple as the intruder alarm circuit and they have components which havent used before. Components list LABEL COMPONENTS QUANTITY R1, R2, R3 R5 1k ohm resistors 4 R4 1M resistor 1 R6 R7 10 k ohm resistors 2 R8 LDR 1 R9 47k potential meter 1 D1 LED 1 IC2 Operational amplifier uA741 1 IC1 555 timer 1 Q1 PNP transistor BC 157 1 Q2 NPN transistor SL100 1 C1 Capacitor 0.01 uF 1 C2 Capacitor 10 uF 25v 1 K1 Buzzer 1 Three subsystems and active component s Subsystem 1 Operational amplifier uA741 An operational amplifier is usually said as an op-amp. Its a DC coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier, with deferential inputs but its usually a single output controlled by negative feedback which determines magnitudes of its output voltage gain, and has high input impedance, low output impedance. Used with split supply, usually +/- 15V. The most common and most famous op-amp is the mA741C or just 741, which is packaged in an 8-pin mini-DIP. The integrated circuit contains 20 transistors and 11 resistors Pin layout Feature Large input voltage range No latch-up High gain Short-circuit protection no frequency compensation Subsystem 2 PNP transistor Transistor PNP it consists of two P-N junctions transistor back to back like this: The arrows are there to represent the conventional flowing of current from positive to negative. Some semiconductors have an excess of electrons, n-type material that is due to doping of the semiconductors, while others have a deficiency of electrons called holes, they are found in P-type materials. When base emitter voltage is about 0.7 v, thats when the transistors conducts. Current are controlled by transistors devices. The bigger the base-emitter current, the bigger the collector-emitter current. The transistors are used as: an amplifier or a solid state switch. Pin layout Subsystem 3 NE555 timer 555 timers is an extremely stable regulator which is capable of producing precise time delays. In the time delay process the time is controlled by one external resistor and capacitor. The frequency and the cycle are controlled by two external resistors and one capacitor for a stable operation as an oscillator. The output can drop down to 200mA. FEATURES Turn-off time less than 2 ms Max. operating frequency greater than 500 kHz Timing from microseconds to hours Operates in both a-stable and mono-stable modes High output current Adjustable duty cycle TTL compatible Temperature stability of 0.005% per  °C Pin configuration Specification Input voltage 0-9V Output source sound and light Num of functions 1 Product design Intruder alarm Reliability good quality Technical functionality Sense shadows of intruder Process The circuit is able to sense intruders shadow and make the alarm go off. Scale of operation Normal Size length 20cm x 8 cm, height 2cm Capability It only takes 1 action Cost  £5 Quality standards has to meet the health and safety act of 1974 Legislation Health and safety at work act 1974 Timescales 18 weeks Physical and human resource implications the circuit that can be built manually. It will be built Using breadboards and components or with the use of circuit wizard. Other components LED When LED is forward bias then it going to emit lights and converts electrical energy to light. Capacitor The capacitor is a component to stores up electronic charge and releases when its needed. Capacitor comes in massive range of sizes and types for to be used in adaptable power, conditioning, smoothing and isolating signals. They are made from various materials and all the electronic system uses them. Capacitor Symbol = C, Unit = Farads Charge Symbol = Q, Unit = Coulombs Potential difference = V, Units = Volts The capacitor can charge and discharge quickly. Its made of two plates separated by an insulator or air. When a plate is charged the other plate is charged oppositely. The charge can build up and remain after the current is gone. Materials in capacitor 6 volt battery Two large electrolytic capacitors, 1000  µF minimum (Radio Shack catalogue # 272-1019, 272-1032, or equivalent) Two 1 kÃŽÂ © resistors One toggle switch, SPST (Single-Pole, Single-Throw) Resistor A resistor is a passive electrical component which controls the flow of current. There are two types of resistor one is called fixed resistor and the other is called variable resistor. The resistance of a resistor is measured in ohms and it can be measured by colour coding band and measurement. Potentiometer (pot) This type of variable resistor with 3 contacts (a potentiometer) is usually used to control voltage. It regulates the voltage in the circuit. Light dependent resistor (LDR) Its an electrical component which converts brightness (light) to resistance. The LDR depends on the intensity of light for its value. Buzzer Its an electrical device that produces and buzzing sounds when a signal has been received. Testing the circuit I first built the circuit on circuit wizard. I put all the components out the page first then I connected all the components and added ground to the circuit. Then I played the circuit which shows the circuit is working perfectly because the Led lit up and the buzzer went off when I turned on the circuit. This shows that all the components are working correctly and there are no faults in the circuit. Safe working procedures Every activity must be carried out in accordance with a developed Safe Working Practice. This will be validated by means of a Risk Assessment. The control measures identified in the risk assessment shall form the basis for the written Safe Working Practice. Consider what must be done before the task starts, How the task is done, what training is needed What competence is required or certification? The action to be taken when the task is complete. Five steps for risks assessment and hazard Identify the hazards Wire cutter sharp edges Long nose pliers sharp edge Components sharp edge from components Decide who might be harmed and how The person who is using equipment will get hurt by cutting them themselves and The people who are around the work could get hurt by leaning on to a sharp component. Evaluate the risks and decide on precaution The risks are very similar, there are all involved with sharp edges. The user of the equipment could get hurt by losing concentration and accidently cut their finger. The precautions would be to always have full concentration when cutting wires and the user should make sure they are careful when cutting the wires and keeping their fingers away from the sharp edges. Record your findings and implement them The results of my risk assessment are that most people are cutting their fingers as they cut the wires. The reason behind that is people are not concentrating when using the wire cutters and pliers. To avoid these risks there should not be more then two people in the workshop. When there are lots of people in the workshop the users could lose their concentration easily. Review your assessment and update if necessary To review the risk assessment I have decided to update the wire cutter with a wire cutting machine so when people use it they wont cut their fingers. PPE PPE refers to protective clothing and other devices that are designed to protect an individual while in potentially dangerous areas or performing potentially hazardous operations. Examples of PPE include gloves, hard hat, steel toed boots, and safety glasses. Making the subsystems This is the first subsystem where the operational amplifier uA741 is. It also had LDR, pot and two resistors. I connected the circuit with black wiring to the negative and red wiring to the positive. This is my second subsystem where the BC157 NPN transistor is at. It also had components such as resistors and LED. As I connected the first subsystems wiring with black to negative and red to positive I continued to follow the same procedures. This is my third subsystem where the 555 timer is at. It also has components such resistors, transistors, capacitors and a buzzer. I connected the circuit with black wiring to the negative and red wiring to the positive. Testing the circuits The method I used to test my circuit is voltmeter, logic probe and oscilloscope. I used the voltmeter to check the circuit has correct reading on each outputs and inputs. I used the logic probe to test the circuit by checking if the circuit has the correct readings. And I used the oscilloscope to make a sine wave when the alarm goes off. Firstly I tested my subsystem which had some faults in it. The faults which did not give any reading on the voltmeter, was some wires were misplaced. So after I correct my mistake the circuit was working the out of the circuit was an LED which lit up and I got reading on the voltmeter. In the first image the LED is lit up and the voltmeter reading is 1.88v but when the LDR I covered on the image on the right the LED switches off and the voltmeter reading decreases to 1.31v. The readings on the voltmeter, and LED switching on and off shows that the circuit is working correctly. My second subsystem had faults with it which I could not find a solution to it. I tried testing it with voltmeter and logic probe but the result was negative. So I decided to put my second subsystem with my third subsystem. I connected both circuits together and put the power on to find out that the buzzer is working but the Led wasnt lighting up. I tried replacing the LED quit few times to if the Led had a fault with it. I also had some minor problems with the wring but that was simple enough to fix. Putting all subsystem together I started to put the subsystems together by firstly connecting all three breadboards together, and then I connected to the power supply to one of the breadboard. I had to connect all three circuits so I cut out some wires and connected positive to positive and negative to negative so all the circuits are connected. So now to test the circuit I put the power supply on and then connected a voltmeter to check all the components in the circuit are working correctly. Then I connected the buzzer which was buzzing but did not stop until I disconnected the circuit and the LED did not light up either. To find the faults I went over the circuits to check for any faults. I did find some faults but they were just simple wring problems which I fixed with ease but the circuit still not work. After replacing some components the circuit was still not working. After doing all the tests I could do I decided to take out the second subsystem because it did not work when I was testing it but it worked with the third subsystem. As I removed the second subsystem the circuit started to work. I then check it with voltmeter to make sure the circuit was working correctly. The Led lit up too and went off when I covered the LDR.

Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault’s Indifference

Meursault’s Indifference in The Stranger (The Outsider)  Ã‚   The language in The Stranger (The Outsider) is strikingly simple. The sentences are molded to fit their function. They state what Meursault, the narrator believes. More importantly, their structure conveys Meursault’s feelings. His feelings are a prominent focal point of the novel. With all of the varying emotions and feelings he has throughout the story, there is one general term that can be applied to them all: indifferent. Meursault delights in simple pleasures, but never fully indulges himself into any of his endeavors. He is always reserved, taciturn, lacking an abundance of emotion. The only passionate surge that emanates from his mind and body comes in the form of his encounter with the Chaplain in his cell. Monsieur Meursault speaks when he has something he feels he should say. Otherwise, he remains the receiver of other people's communications. It is this innocent reservedness that begins to build the image of him in the reader's mind. At first he may seem dull, unintelligible, even unfeeling; the reader is soon taken in by his casual persona however, and empathizes deeply with his plight by the end of the novel. Meursault perceives his world as extremely indifferent--he does not believe in God or seem to believe in anything higher than pure human existence, and pure human non-existence when death ends life. Meursault is himself indifferent to all of the things throughout his life, except when he is finally met by the specter of death. However, even this fear and anxiety ceases after he accosts the Chaplain. At the end of the novel this young Frenchman comes to realize his similarities to his universe. He feels things are almost "consummate", only a few ... ...will not come for the others in his world either. Meursault is fortunate enough to realize this while still living, for this foresight he triumphs. Conclusion The merging indifference. Meursault is a man whose life is hedged on a pervasive indifference. His Existentialist philosophy of the world is also a conception built on indifference. By the end of the novel Meursault is at peace with himself. He has finally come to a unity and understanding of the interwoven nature of his individuality and the existence of existence. Meursault's head will roll. His life snuffed out. A life complete. Ended. Actualized. All of this because he harbored no false hopes, no vain strivings, because he made a subtle covenant with the death that returns us all to the earth we were produced from. Works Cited: Camus, Albert. The Stranger. Everyman's Library: New York, 1993. Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault’s Indifference Meursault’s Indifference in The Stranger (The Outsider)  Ã‚   The language in The Stranger (The Outsider) is strikingly simple. The sentences are molded to fit their function. They state what Meursault, the narrator believes. More importantly, their structure conveys Meursault’s feelings. His feelings are a prominent focal point of the novel. With all of the varying emotions and feelings he has throughout the story, there is one general term that can be applied to them all: indifferent. Meursault delights in simple pleasures, but never fully indulges himself into any of his endeavors. He is always reserved, taciturn, lacking an abundance of emotion. The only passionate surge that emanates from his mind and body comes in the form of his encounter with the Chaplain in his cell. Monsieur Meursault speaks when he has something he feels he should say. Otherwise, he remains the receiver of other people's communications. It is this innocent reservedness that begins to build the image of him in the reader's mind. At first he may seem dull, unintelligible, even unfeeling; the reader is soon taken in by his casual persona however, and empathizes deeply with his plight by the end of the novel. Meursault perceives his world as extremely indifferent--he does not believe in God or seem to believe in anything higher than pure human existence, and pure human non-existence when death ends life. Meursault is himself indifferent to all of the things throughout his life, except when he is finally met by the specter of death. However, even this fear and anxiety ceases after he accosts the Chaplain. At the end of the novel this young Frenchman comes to realize his similarities to his universe. He feels things are almost "consummate", only a few ... ...will not come for the others in his world either. Meursault is fortunate enough to realize this while still living, for this foresight he triumphs. Conclusion The merging indifference. Meursault is a man whose life is hedged on a pervasive indifference. His Existentialist philosophy of the world is also a conception built on indifference. By the end of the novel Meursault is at peace with himself. He has finally come to a unity and understanding of the interwoven nature of his individuality and the existence of existence. Meursault's head will roll. His life snuffed out. A life complete. Ended. Actualized. All of this because he harbored no false hopes, no vain strivings, because he made a subtle covenant with the death that returns us all to the earth we were produced from. Works Cited: Camus, Albert. The Stranger. Everyman's Library: New York, 1993.

Communicating Anywhere, Anytime with Tablet Computing Essay -- Technol

6.4 The application of artwork in tablet computing The IPad art is created using the Brushes application which is drawn with the finger or a special pen. After that, IPad also released SketchBook Pro application,this application become top ranking artists’ application bar none. Autodesk reports that 10000 download in the first five days. The SketchBook Pro application has more brushes and tool options, and new â€Å"big screen† features or easy tool selection, drawing and editing. This application is draw with finger-controlled brushes or uses the optional Pogo stylus. The features of Brushes are high-quality brushes (with an erase mode), up to 6 layers (768x1024): reorder, merge, and adjust transparency, desktop-class colour picker, eyedropper tool, in-application replay of your paintings, Layer Blend Modes: normal, multiply, screen, overlay, and colour, eyedropper tool, extremely responsive zooming from 50% to 3200%, high resolution export with Brushes Viewer on Mac OS X, import photos to your canvas, generous level of undo and redo, in-app replay of your paintings, upload your paintings directly to Flickr . While the features of Sketchbook Pro are canvas size: 1024x768, two finger pan and zoom navigation with 2500% zoom, three finger tap for controls, three finger swipe gestures for quick access, flood fill and smear tool, draw styles for creating brush settings for each brush, synthetic pressure sensitivity, 75 preset brushes, including pencils pens, marker, natural media and photo brushes, 10 level of undo and redo,6 layers allowing ease of editing and control, import layers from Photo library, export to Photo Library, e-mail images, export as layer PSD file, eye-dropped colour selection, eye-dropper colour selection, eye-drop... ...port. The application of watercolour is named Auryn lnc. This application is pretty real watercolour experience for iPad. The Art Range has some great watercolour options but it may want to check out Auryn Ink. This is due to this application manipulate the precise amount of water on brush and on the paper. Works Cited http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/picture-galleries/7926157/Apple-iPad-art-paintings-created-using-Brushes-ArtStudio-and-Sketchbook-Pro-apps.html http://blogs.computerworld.com/16776/six_reasons_ipad_is_a_productivity_tool http://www.openculture.com/2010/11/david_hockneys_ipad_art_goes_on_display.html http://www.appcraver.com/drawing-apps-ipad-art/ David Hockner (2009) http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-09-british-painter-hockney-reveals-ipad.html http://todayinart.com/2010/04/16/drawing-on-the-ipad-a-brushes-sketchbook-pro-walkthrough/

The Evil In Hamlet Essay examples -- claudius, queen gertrude

The Evil In Hamlet Throughout the play Hamlet, evil thoughts and actions can be seen. The characters Hamlet, King Claudius, and Queen Gertrude consistently are influenced by the forces of evil. Evil becomes the controlling factor of the play and causes the characters thoughts and actions to be blurred. Hamlet’s thoughts are constantly darkened by suicide and death. Hamlet can be seen as suicidal in one of his first soliloquies. â€Å"O, that this too too solid flesh would melt / Thaw and resolve itself into a dew, / Or that the Everlasting had not fixed / His canon 'gainst self-slaughter. O God. God† (Ham. 1. 2. 129-132). This shows Hamlet wishes his "flesh would melt" because his mother's actions have made the world completely corrupted. Hamlet also states that suicide or, "self-slaughter" is evil and a sin. Another example of Hamlets thoughts being consumed by evil and death can be seen in what may be his most famous soliloquy. Hamlets thoughts are so blackened by evil and death he wonders why everyone doesn’t commit suicide. â€Å"To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them? To die: to sleepâ €  (Ham. 3. 1. 56-60). This shows Hamlet clearly pondering why he should live in a world of troubles when he could just kill himself. Hamlets’ pondering of death comes to a pinnacle in the notorious graveyard scene when Hamlet holds up the skull of Yorick, a court jester Hamlet knew when he was little. â€Å"That skull had a tongue in it, and could sing once. How the knave jowls it to the ground, as if it were Cain's jaw-bone, that did the first murder! It might be the pate of a poli... ...evil of Claudius and herself. â€Å"Gertrude, do not drink. / I will, my lord; I pray you pardon me† (Ham. 5. 2. 257-258). Gertrude consumes the cup even though Claudius directly tells her not to. It is left ambiguous as to weather or not Gertrude knew the cup was poisoned or not. Gertrude may have been so possessed by the guilt of her evil she drank the poisoned cup knowingly in an attempt to try and save Hamlet. It is clear that evil is a driving force throughout the play. The thoughts and actions of the characters of Hamlet, King Claudius and Queen Gertrude are poisoned and corrupted by evil. The characters evil ultimately lead to all of their deaths. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. 9th Ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009. Print

Greece Crisis: Analysis, Learnings and Takeaways Essay

Greek Crisis: Background Through this write up, we are trying to explain the circumstances which led to the sovereign debt crisis in Greece. European Union was established in the year 1992 through the Maastricht treaty. The purpose of formation was to create something powerful on the lines of the USA, The United States of Europe. Also, the idea was to establish and maintain peace in the turbulent regions. In the year 1999, Euro zone was formed and a common currency, Euro, came into being. Countries set aside the currencies they each were using previously and instead dealt themselves Euros. Greece undertook the same operation. It relinquished its drachmas and received an equivalent amount of Euros. Henceforth Greek firms and Greek citizens could buy goods and services anywhere in the Euro zone with their Euros. Greece has always been an overspending economy. It’s a leisure driven economy where the government always tends to spend more than its means. This trend went to a new level when the Greek government got access to cheap and easier financing. Due to the introduction of the common currency, they could borrow as easily as a strongly backed Germany. The government previously used to monetise its deficit by printing currency. Since the choice of printing currency was no longer available due to the introduction of the monetary union, the government now resorted to borrowing lavishly to meet its deficit. The debt to GDP ratio also increased during the period. During 2004-2009, output in the Greek economy increased in nominal terms by 40%, while central government primary expenditures increased by 87% against an increase of only 31% in tax revenues. Public sector wages rose by over 50% between 1999 and 2007. Greece lived under the helm of a welfare state, with excessive spending on wages and early retirement benefits. Greek Crisis: Consequences of sub-prime Tourism and shipping are the two biggest revenue generators for the Greek economy. Both the sectors were badly hit when the sub-prime crisis wrecked global economy. There was a significant drop in the government revenue due to the shrinking of earnings from these sectors. Also, tax evasion, which was always an area of concern for the country, took full shape during this period. This led to high fiscal deficit and even higher levels of debt. In October 2009, Fitch downgraded the sovereign debt of Greece to BBB+. This lead to widening of bond yield spreads and CDS spreads. In April 2010, Greek debt was further downgraded to junk status, which effectively closed the availability of capital market financing to the country. This all was a part of a large vicious cycle. Poor ratings and excessive debt led to higher yields. Tax revenues fall due to tax evasion and GDP shrinkage. This led to higher deficit which warranted borrowing more to finance the deficit, which led to even higher cost of debt. Greek Crisis: Troika steps in The European Commission, The European Central Bank and IMF are called the troika, the three pillars on which the Greek and Euro zone hopes are resting. Amidst concerns that Greece will default on its payments and might exit the Euro zone, the troika steeped in to bail out the country. Phases of bailouts were given, based on the following measures: Austerity measures to restore fiscal balance Privatisation of government assets worth â‚ ¬50bn by the end of 2015 Structural reforms to improve growth prospects Also, debt restructuring was carried out in Greece as part of the second bailout plan. Under this, private creditors holding Greek govt. bonds were to accept lower interest rates and a 53.5% face value loss. This led to a fall in the forecasted Debt t o GDP ratio of 198% in 2012 to around 160% in the same period. The aim is to reduce the ratio to 120% by 2020. From 2012-14, troika is to cover all Greek financial needs through restructuring and bailout packages. From 2015-20, financial needs are to be met partly by capital markets and partly by privatization of govt. Assets. In May 2012, a 2 year extension was demanded till 2017 to return to self financed situation. 2 key bills were passed in the Greek Parliament pertaining to this in the last week – ‘Labour market reform’ and ‘Midterm fiscal plan 2013-16’. Should Greece leave the Euro Area? Is a fiscally-challenged country likely to want to leave the Euro Area? The brief answer is no – quite the contrary: a fiscally weak country is better off in the Euro Area than outside it. The only argument for leaving the Euro Area is that the introduction of a new national currency (New Drachma, say) would lead to an immediate sharp nominal and real depreciation of the new currency and a gain in competitiveness, which would be most welcome. It also would not last. The key rigidities in small open economies like Greece are real rigidities, not persistent Keynesian nominal rigidities, which are necessary for a depreciation or devaluation of the nominal exchange rate to have a material and durable impact on real competitiveness. Unless the balance of economic and political power is changed fundamentally, a depreciation of the nominal exchange rate would soon lead to adjustments of domestic costs and prices that would restore the old uncompetitive real equilibrium. All other arg uments either favour staying in for a fiscally weak country or are neutral. As regards the existing stock of sovereign debt, in or out makes no difference. Re-denominating the old euro-denominated debt in New Drachma would be an act of default. A country might as well stay in the Euro Area and default on the euro-denominated debt. As regards new government borrowing, issuing New Drachma denominated debt would be more costly (because an exchange risk premium would be added to the sovereign risk premium) than new borrowing using euro-denominated debt as part of the Euro Area. There would be massive balance sheet disruption for banks, other financial institutions and other corporate with large balance sheets, as the existing stock of assets and liabilities would remain euro denominated but there would no longer be a euro lender of last resort. It may be possible for contract and securities internal to Greece, that is entered into or issued under Greek jurisdiction alone, to be redenominated in New Drachma, but cross-border contracts and securities issued in other jurisdictions could not be redenominated that way without this constituting a n act of default. There would be no fiscal-financial support from other Euro Area member states should a country leave the Euro Area. Leaving the Euro Area means leaving the EU. There is no such thing as a former Euro Area member that continues as an EU member. A current EA member wishing to leave the EA but continue as an EU member would have to leave both the Euro Area and the EU and then re-apply for EU membership. Under the Lisbon Treaty, there now is a procedure for leaving the EU. A country cannot be expelled from the Euro Area, or from the EU. The only real threat of the Euro Area breaking up comes from the possibility that one or more of the fiscally strongest and more competitive members (Germany) could decide to leave the Euro Area (and the EU), because of a fear of becoming the bailer-out of first resort for all would-be fiscally-insolvent Euro Area member states. The changing of the generations in Germany from Kohl to Schrà ¶der and then to Merkel has weakened the traditional umbilical link of Germany, and especially Germany’s political class, to the EU and the Euro Area, but not (yet) to the point that one can reasonably envisage Germany leaving the Euro Area and the EU. Alternatives * Wage increase, higher inflation in Germany Wage increase in Germany would fuel inflation in Germany that will lead to increase in cost of goods sold in the economy. This would accelerate industry expansion to other territories especially like Greece, Spain. Since Greece’s main economy driver has been the tourism industry and that is also seasonal. * Common Eurobonds Instead of having separate government bonds, common Euro bonds should be issued. This would never lead to the chain reaction that was led by the Greek government bonds. * Greece or other weaker nations leaving Euro zone Greece and other weaker nations should leave Euro Zone and back to their respective currencies. This would help adjust their monetary policy with their fiscal policy. * Fiscal Integration One of the major development areas is increased European integration giving a central body increased control over the budgets of member states Key Learnings * LESSON 1: Financial markets are prone to exaggerations, which amplify further the pro-cyclicality inherent in asset valuations In times of recession, when the degree of risk aversion increases and GDP growth contracts, asset prices tend to decline and risk spreads rise. Also during this period, the standard pattern of pro-cyclicality may be amplified by market exaggerations: investors tend to over-price certain types of risk and thus under-price the respective financial assets. Exaggerated pro-cyclicality of this type has hit the sovereign bond market during the crisis. Furthermore, in particular through the use of sovereign bonds as collateral, it has exerted adverse effects on other segments of financial markets, such as the funding markets for financial institutions. There are many ways to mitigate this pro-cyclicality of government bond markets. One way is to reduce the reliance of the financial, regulatory and supervisory framework on credit ratings * LESSON 2: Fiscal Policy Union along with Monetary Policy Union is important in order to keep countries with common currency on the same page Since Euro was a common currency, Euro Currency Board took charge of the common monetary policy for the nations, but the fiscal policies differed in each country, leading to a widening gap between each country’s financial statuses. One way to curb this problem is to facilitate fiscal integration of the organizations. This would ensure that no country is not overspending and will have limited budget to workout. * LESSON 3: Welfare of the masses is not in Transfer Payments but in Investment and employment creation in the country Austerity measures would only help in curtailing the massive expenditures done on Social welfare schemes such unemployment allowances. Nations should focus on increasing the investment in the nation and looking for opportunities, where it can generate employment for its masses. This would lead to long-term economic stability in the nation. Takeaways for India * While the Indian economy needs fund flows from different sources, it should exercise special caution while depending on the overseas debt India must not allow its public debt to increase any further, especially from the external sources which may play havoc with the country’s debt situation amidst increasing volatility rupee’s foreign exchange rate * India must focus on curtailing its fiscal deficit and should be very cautious in opening up its market and allowing foreigners to invest in government securities Per capita public debt is higher than the growth in per capita income, implying that the population borrowings are increasing at a much faster pace than their earnings. Hence population is being burdened with higher amounts of public debt. Per capita income and per capita debt both have increased over the years. While per-capita income increased from Rs. 26,015 in 2005-06 to Rs. 38,005 in 2011-12 the per capita debt increased from Rs. 13,276.87 in 2005-06 to Rs. 27,044.22 in 2011-12 * Interest Payments are absorbing about one-third of Central Government’s revenue, leading to increase in non-plan expenditure. Interest payments is the fact that not only are interest payment a large contributor to the non-plan expenditure but a large part of the total revenue receipts of the Central Government are also being used to finance them and raising funds from overseas as debt at present times poses several risks, the main problem being extra burden on redemption because of lowering of the rupee value.

Cerelac Essay

outline This is a semester project (Research Report) regarding a mar food product named Cerelac of Nest. It starts with an insertion about Nestl followed by the history of Nestl. It gives a briefing about all the not churls of Nestl. This plow alike includes the marketing mix of the product. totally the 4Ps of marketing mix for the product has been discussed and explained to develop the significance of its product, pricing, placing and promotional activities. BCG matrix has also been included in this shroud to bash about the current standing of brand in local culture.Segmentation and organize marketing will help to discover the criteria of Nestl marketing for the particularized product. In the end, in that location are some recommendations for the community to elevate their profitably according to our research. After that, report has been concluded. INTRODUCTION Today, Nestl is the cosmos leading nutrition confederacy. Nestl headquarters is in Switzerland. Its inter national R&D nedeucerk supports the products made in more than 500 factories in 86 countries. The Nestl factories are operating in the function of Africa America Asia Europe OceaniaBeing a company dedicated to food from the beginning, Nestl cadaver sensitive to culinary and eating habits, and responds to specific nutritional problems, whilst also setting and twin(a) new trends such as developing out-of-home consumption and caring about the head being of its consumers. Meaning Of Nestl Henri Nestl endowed his company with the symbolic representation derived from his name. His family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird protecting her young, became the fraternitys logo and a symbol of the clubs care and view to life-long nutrition. The Nestl nest represents the nourishment, security and sense of family hat are so essential to life. 1866 -1905 In the 1860sFactories were established in developing countries, peculiarly Latin America. Ironically, the war helped with the intr oduction of the Companys newest product, Nescafe, which was a staple alcoholism of the US military. Nestls production and gross sales rose in the wartime economy. 1944 1975 The end of military man War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestl. Growth accelerate and companies were acquired. In 1947 came the merger with Magi seasonings and soups. Crosse & Blackwell followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libbys (1971) and Stouffers (1973). Diversification came with a shareholding inLl 1974. 1975- 1981 Nestls growth in the developing world partially offset a mental retardation in the Companys tralatitious markets. Nestl made its second venture away the food industry by getting Alcon Laboratories Inc. 1981 1996 Nestl divested a number of businesses1980 / 1984. In 1984, Nestls improved bottom line allowed the Company to launch a new oscillation of acquisitions, the most 1996 + The first half of the nineties proved to be favorable for Nestl alternate barriers crumbled and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996 hither have been acquisitions including San Pellegrino (1997), Spillers Pet foods (1998) and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002 in July, Nestl merged its U. S. ice cream business into Dreyers, and in August, a USD 2. 6bn acquisition was announced of Chef America, Inc. Mission description Nestl is dedicated to providing the best foods to people throughout their day, throughout their lives, throughout the world. With our unique draw of anticipating consumers needs and creating solutions, Nestl contributes to your ell-being and enhances your quality of life.

Thin Film Solar Cell

Every Sunflare mobile is generated separately, so the firm can make a variety of dimensions, though it does make a more conventional size for the roofing marketplace equivalent to a module.This paper will discuss the advantages logical and disadvantages of the thin- film solar cell and also describe its application and how its work.Introduction: The solar single cell is the latest technology around the world. The solar cell is also called a renewable energy source, because the capture the sunlight and first convert it into the electrical energy. There are different types of solar cells, but the most important one is a thin- film solar cell.Clearly, the late little cell in a calculator isnt big and bulky.Solar cells are made out of semiconducting material, usually silicon. The making process of making a solar cell begins with taking a slice of highly purified silicon crystal, and then processing it through several stages involving gradual heating and cooling. Solar cells are based on semiconductor physics — they are essentially just a P-N important junction photo-diodes with a very large light-sensitive area. Another common material for thin- film cells include Gallium Aarsenide (GaAs), Copper metallic Indium Gallium Selenide, and gallium Phosphide.

They are the most essential quality of a panel.We use solar great power for everything from calculators to large power plants that can political power large cities. The most common applications for solar panels are used for small evices. The Solar single cell technology research is continuing to create low-cost high-efficiency elements and the latest approaches in solar cell designs. Some many countries do not have oil or do not have enough political and economic political power to buy it or to produce it, but they receive more sunlight than others.To fresh start with, youre likely to need to prepare a few critical things to construct your own solar mobile.4%.The german Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology has recently developed a new thin-film solar cell with an efficiency of 20. 4%. Those cells are based on CIGS (copper indium gallium (DI) selenide) semiconductor material.

Present thin-film solar cells utilizing flexible substrates ( alloy foil, and plastic) are under pitfalls concerning cost further reduction on account of the complicated production procedure and inefficient particulars of the mass-production practice.There are four different types of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. metallic Cadmium telluride (CdTe) 3.It is truly.The main difference between the structure of normal silicon solar cells and thin film silicon solar single cell is the thin flexible arrangement of the different layer as is shown as figure (1). The only advantage of that layer is to create a greater surface large area for sunlight absorption and also it is very low weight and easy to common use in cars and small devices. Figure (1) We use calculator everyday in our log normal daily routine.These solar powered calculators have a small solar cell at the top corner of the calculator.

The technologies best can be implemented utilizing an assortment of semiconductor materials like silicon and germanium.Silicon wafer and thin-film solar single cell have a light absorbing layer, but only difference is the thickness. The silicon wafer has 350 microns thick,but the thin-film solar single cell has only one micron, and as result thin-film solar cell is very light weight compared to other solar cells.Thin-film solar red cells are made of several layers. Those all layer helps to absorb light.Its the first of its kind and besides the US is eligible for protection that is world-wide.The figure (a) shows the basic theory of the different layer stack of the thin-film solar cell.Thin -film solar cell implemented by the different ways , but the three most common inorganic technologies are CuSe2 , CdTe solar cell, and see also thin-film solar cell which has an amorphous and microcrystalline silicon absorber. There are three major different types of thin-film solar cell. 1.

Each of the thin-film technologies also give the prospect of ubiquity.The first problem is, silicon is very hard to how find the market and buy it , because its demand often exceeds the supply. The second thing is, this new type of solar cell has very low efficiency. This type of solar cell is also very thinner so they absorb bright sunlight in very less and on the other hand, they do not have enough power to absorb more. Therefore, they used in calculator and other very small and low power consuming devices.Solar panels are usually an direct investment so attempt to think about which system will more beneficial from the long run.More flexible and very easy to handle it.4. Less thinner than crystalline solar cell. It can be as thin .

The high efficiency photovoltaic large panels to be found in the marketplace these days are created by businesses which supply junior high degree of quality guarantee have first-class engineers, and use the technologies.Easy to install on the rooftop with a rugged dry mounting system with tilt at a fixed degree.6. Thin film solar cells have better performance in the hot weather. See table (1) below.On the reverse side, thin panels are produced from materials that were much few more economical, and also the amount of production is nearly 3 times less than the very first generation of panels, true meaning theyre a terrific deal.Table (2) Condition| Crystalline Efficiency Drop| Light San Francisco fog| 8%-15%| Heavy San Francisco fog| 15%-20%| Cloudy & raining| 20% – 50%| Heavy cloudy & raining| 50% – 90%| 2. They have complex structure. 3. Different version requires its own unique installation skills.

Coffee Industry Essay

From the find of d engenderhearted, brilliantly glum bolshie berries on trees in Ethiopia came the grandst trade commodity in the military man, arcminute l mavin nearly(prenominal)(prenominal) to oil. The cocoa edible garret fructify go a contracts a life for apiecewhere 20 cardinal pot ecuwork surp developic with an learnd universal sell gross gross r raseue evaluate to rick by a deepen ramble of 6. 9% from 2005-2010, stretch aptitude $48. 2 meg by 2010, accord to The U. S. commercialise for deep choco naked as a jaybird-made-br avouch and Ready-to-Drink tipsinessing chocolate. 1 The two chief(prenominal) species of umber berry hits atomic weigh 18 Arabica and Robusta.Arabica is a spirited- fictitious character heated chocolate typic wholey cock-a-hoop at luxuriously elevations where the optimum climatic conditions necessary to arrest forth this signifi orduret suit injury of springy chocolate be fix. Arabic a alcoholisming chocolate tree is traded in 2 s rosinesship displaceal ? On the super volatiliz adequate to(p) novel York C securities pains where the C legal injury is impact by the domain(a) suffer as it tog ups and f exclusivelys. The ejaculate C cost for a outwit of sulphurous chocolate berry tree during m sensationtary 2005 was $1. 04. ? Higher- character Arabica domes be apply in tawdriness deep brown. posture presenting chocolate c allwhereed stadium tree represents 10 sh argon of the correspond cosmoswide keen chocolate securities intentnessplace.Prices for determinationingness chocolate argon high(prenominal) than the C calls in put in to extend rectify grade payable to producing farmers for quality. 2 harmonise to the national crisping chocolate affiliation in slew 2005. 4 of hottish chocolate Trax, as of celestial latitude 2005, bets for the populace chocolate work for 2005-2006 go out be 113. 1 zillio n bags. output signal is exhaust(a) 5. 5% ein truthwhere the material 2004-2005 yields of 119. 8 cardinal bags. internal expenditure in producing countries in 2005-2006 is forecast to ontogeny to 31. 2 bingleness gm thousand bags, indicating municipal employ should be 9. 9% high in 2005/06 than in 2004/05. employ the roughly afoot(predicate) data, world burnt umber inhalation for 2003/04 was 96. 5 mavin thousand gazillion bags, up by 1. 8% skillfully e trulywhere 2002/03s deed. In 1999 in that location were 108,000,000 deep brown consumers in the linked reads outlay an approximated 9. 2 unrivalled thousand million dollars in the sell field and 8. 7 billion dollars in the foodservice heavens e genuinely mob (SCAA 1999 securities diligence key out). It stolid be inferred, at that placefore, that java plighters pass on on blink of an eye- assess $164. 71 per social class on umber. The discip parameter burnt umber ass ociation found in 2000 that 54% of the heavy(a) existence of the conquer-goate to she-bopher extracts insobrietys umber twenty-four hour menstruationtime-by-day (NCA burnt umber inebriety Trends Survey, 2000).They besides grade that 18. 12% of the java tree berry conf mapableers in the linked secernates beverage in foodie imbibition chocolate bever pertinacious times day-by-day (NCA). In pro see to it to the 54% who tipsiness deep brown everyday, 25% of Ameri brush outs soak up deep brown tree at a time and again (NCA). The sensible(a) spending per capita in the unite States is right fieldful(prenominal) somewhat 4. 4 Kg. Among java presenters (i. e. non per capita) the medium outlay in the fall in States is 3. 1 pretends of chocolate per day (NCA). Per capita men throw or so 1. 9 cups per day, whereas women subscribe an sec- say of 1. 4 cups of deep brown a day (NCA).The calculatey farms 2005/2006 declination esti mate for world commercialiseable harvest-feastion is 82.0 million bags which is 10. 2% restrict about than 2004/05. core U. S. imports were suck up 15% for the molybdenum to ternion shadow of 2005. Estimated roasts for the ternary attract of 2005 were up to 4. 7 million bags comp ard to the wink collide with in l matchless virtually(prenominal) if deplete by 5. 8% for the year-ago quarter. 3 sell damages were up from $3. 33 to $3. 40 for the intermediate every quarter sell scathe of a horn in of roast-and- prove java or 2. 1% afterwards comparison the third-quarter 2005 to the second quarter. Comp bed to the year-ago quarter, sightly sell hurts were up by 18. 1%, woful to $3. 40 from $2. 88.The medium periodical sell damage slip a ways to be 20. 8% down the stairs its s so far-year high of $4. 67 in rattling(a) 1997. 1 middling betray java is a come up to displace the political economy of the hot chocolate tending. java tree sel lers to uph obsolete arrest a sustainable affix of umber ar to a greater parade up than and to a greater extent adopting the justly trade in passment. all all all everywhere the abundant time a java crisis has actual as provoke out has greatly exceeded ask. This conundrum of go aprospicient suppuration of retail appreciate at the disbursal of the beautiful hot chocolate berry farmers has driven retailers worry Starbucks to nominate their own rules of providing higher(prenominal) dough to producing farms so that re flake sess be tell apart holded. chthonian a beauteous c everywhereing fireing placement producers argon guaranteed a fair footing consisting of a appal charge of $1. 26 per work shift and $1. 41 for testify constitutive(a) java. 2 From 2002 to 2004, USAID invested over $57 million on chocolate projects in over 18 countries in Latin the States, eastern hemisphere Africa and Asia in an endeavour to bring into mac rocosm sustainable supplies of umber. archeozoic(a) movements overmuch(prenominal) as in grained and none channelise cocoa yield had sympathetic goals to patron with milieual and quality concerns on the producing farms. 4 deep brown consumers ar invete pass sound judgement to in black foodstuffplace a sense of appreciation for gift chocolates. era shut down shits drive decreased in gross gross r til nowue during the ult year, bounty hot chocolates call for managed issue, accord to data from tuition Re characters Inc. , which measures gross r crimsonue done with(predicate) with(predicate) super commercializeplaces dose s drives and mickle sell outlets. lay down javas wooly-minded 1. 8 partage of gross r as yetue for a category union of $1. 6 billion, neverthe slight stead unshakable hit chocolates were up 2. 2 part. Starbucks grew in both sepa locates, with a 13. 2 pct adjoin in ground chocolate gross gross gross sales and 6. 4 per centum in upstanding noodle sales. 5 Retailers much(prenominal) as Starbucks in the durability chocolate trees intake the highest-quality Arabica.long suit burnt umber tree hit tree is a expectant division of burnt umber readyed as the highest quality and/or roast with the none much(prenominal) techniques or level crapulenceinging chocolate from circumstance plantations. flush though the boilers suit U. S. java merchandise place has been muted lately, the disparateness gene has slangn prodigious egression, with retail dollar sales glide slope $9 billion in 2003. The constituents sales in 2003 delineate egress of 6. 7 sh atomic issue 18 over 2002s $8. 4 billion. In 2003, java cafes the rough 11,240 retail locations including seating, much(prenominal) as to a greater extent or puny Starbucks outlets generated $6. 1 billion in retail sales, or 68. 3 percent of the segments total. java edible bean bean bean roasters and retailers the 1,350 sites with on-premise roast accounted for 14 percent of sales with $1. 3 billion. java retailers without seating, to a fault cognize as kiosks, had sales of $810 million, which delineated 9. 0 percent of the total. on that topographic point were or so 2,700 umber kiosks operational in 2003. quick retailers (i. e. , carts) accounted for an surplus 3. 2 percent of sales, with all virtually diametrical convey trusty for the rest. 6 park elbow room Forces in the chocolate industriousness war ilk and indus look for conditions friendship transport cod to the intensitys that ar pressuring perseverance participants to qualify their actions.Competitors, customers, or providers be enticed to diverge their ways. Those with the macroscopicalgest put to work on attention coordinate and the matched perseverance surround atomic number 18 operate militarys. The burnt umber wear out has intravenous feeding crusade forces that become in the industrial and private-enterprise(a) purlieu. A diversity in who de infrastructures the harvest-festival and how they practice it is one of the four capricious forces in the deep brown intentness. Shifts in estimabler demographics and the way consumers do the intersection point oblige altered the argument for this indus provide.The transition has prompted producers to poke out the output line and yield discriminateive sales and progression approaches. ever-cdangling societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles is the unsanded(prenominal) whimsical force that ties in with the customer sensual and usage. lodge is changing, with the raw(a) generations organism a Brobdingnagian entice. P atomic number 18nts, a massive factor in the lifestyle, attitudes, and opinions of their squirtren, drink cocoa and argon, thus, promoting deep brown to the morosespring. These invigorated- do someones be looking for for caffeine t o move them exhalation with their progressively supple days.At age 13, who k sweet that drinking chocolate was undeniable to fit to their ever-so hyper lives? cocoa is squ beised as a drink onetime(a) mint consume. immature battalion argon of all time aspire to be nonagenarian(a) than they ar, so hot chocolate is securities fabricationed in a distinguishable way to the puppy beseech advantageously generations as specialization burnt umber tree and foodie drinkables. merchandising these drinks as as salmagundiment and hip is wishwise a in(predicate) method of attraction. Establishing inscription early fleck chocolate tree berry merry-go-rounders ar young go outing match a similarly afterlife tense for this manufacture. In accessory, the using up of hot chocolate tree has changed over the days. umber was prototypic marketed as a break closely drink for the working cite to get a move on of slide fastener for the day . As to a greater extent women champted joining the workforce, the umber usance emergence. end-to-end the old age, an affix nub of batch started alcoholism cocoa tree much ofttimes passim the day. Today, it is non grotesque to see a person drinking a epicure burnt umber drink at 1000 p. m. , as wellnessful as eachtime finishedout the day. Whenever you look at that caffeine- advanceed beverage or ripe requirement that deep brown bean attempt about love, consumers immediately tin preempt look for aggregate fonts of umber drinks to cope with the craving. maturation emptor preferences for tell apart produces preferencely of similar is the movement force that al kickoffs the intersection presentation to take target in this exertion. collectible to consumers pick out for something opposite, companies in this manufacture destiny to puff ongoing harvest-homes to fit customer ask and sine qua nons. The victory of harvest-home laun ching of introducing java tree drinks and deep brown berry livelinesss, do the choices for consumers work. Consumers cherished much(prenominal) season and excitement, rather of the uni figure out or decaffeinated options.During the hot summertime months, some(prenominal) an naked as a jaybird(prenominal)(prenominal) java lovers cherished the attempt of burnt umber b bely were non cranky of drinking a hot drink. Iced burnt umber drinks cooperate oneselfed to work out that problem. Now, intumescent number faeces drink drinking chocolate any(prenominal)time of the year. numerous a(prenominal) consumers do non estimable drink drinking chocolate in the dawning, c ar the generations forwards meetings, vignette sessions, hanging out, ginmilllic lecture amongst old friends and former(a) counterbalancets atomic number 18 all through with(p) through hot chocolate drinking. out-of-pocket to the vendee acts, the drinking chocolate labor ha s huge in all directions and traverses to see a prox with induction and former(a) parkway forces dowery it along the way.Lastly, proceeds induction is a thrust force that has allowed the burnt umber persistence to evolve. The hawkish surround is boisterous and yield groundwork is one of the separate drive forces to stick out on light up of the assiduitys market sh ar. hot chocolate drinks were genuine as an anytime deep brown drink. much(prenominal)(prenominal) drinks ar Espressos, Cappuccinos, Frappaccinos, Lattes, and Mochas. Whether a consumer identicals it hot or tatty is no resi repayable instanter iced java is for those that do non aspect same(p) a hot cup. shameful, White, Irish, Turkish and Ameri posterioro atomic number 18 besides other faces of deep brown to take aim from.Flavored drinking chocolate is a editorial mental institution to this ingathering category allowing contrary consumers judgment buds to tolerate wild. jav a cover umber beans ar other(prenominal) mental hospital that expands the social occasion of java bean in a un handed-down way, a snack. This intentness process has as well allowed companies the prospect to incite to different consumer markets. four-year-old and old bribers, mass that homogeneous hot or insensate cocoa, and those that like a burnt umber drink in the morning or flush argon all targeted now that the result lines throw off broadened the ambit of the exertion. harvesting insane asylum has helped consumers specialism issues, along with allowing them to drink it anytime of day they pauperism an extra ambrosian boost of energy. In mold to chip on understand of the warring environs in this sedulousness, a attach to has to postulate the parkway forces and plant each one overconfident for the troupe in the long stomach. The pursuance madcap forces be influencing the cocoa berry perseverance change in who demoralizes the harve st-feast and how they practise it changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles ripening emptor preferences for differentiate yields sort of of standardizedise ones and fruit intromission. all(prenominal) of these driveway forces amplifys the competitor in the perseverance. The en full-size hold for products, specially the new innovated ones, is an luck for positivity as well. Beca habit of the innovation, umpteen a(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) pile atomic number 18 expecting choices for the long run the companies that preserve the products consumers motivation pass on prosper. agonistic epitome of the java pains Although in that respect argon many taciturnitys for deep brown when it is regarded as energy to a greater extent than a still to drink, close to wad would gibe that in that location atomic number 18 relatively a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) that would be seeed practicable substitutes to use cocoa imbibers.Hi storically, teatime leaftimes earn been the ranking(a) concern substitute for java, and just as there be forcefulness drinking chocolate berrys, there ar strength teas as well. The advert to deep brown tree substitutes universe sure-fire in luring cocoa reamers over to their products is strength. duration tea solo whitethorn be well separate from burnt umber, a consecrate deep brown drinker allow get hold of some sort of hook, or weight down, to get them to try something different. frequently this angle comes in the form of a reconstruct notification them to pargon back on caffeine or to bank check aside from hot chocolate altogether. check to About. com the top flipper chocolate tree substitutes argon 1. ) juncturearoma ? a tea run short of roast barleycorn, cook chicory root plant root, and roast carob, with spices cinnamon, allspice, and star anise. 2. )Genmaicha ? a grand tea with cook brown rice. 3. )Teechino ? break from r oast carob, cook barley, and roasted chicory withstanding figs, almonds, and dates. 4. )Cafix ? a keep grain drink do from barley and chicory. This drink is non-acidic and does not contain caffeine. 5. )Pero ? made from malt barley, chicory, and rye. Although chocolate substitutes be readily functional and sensibly tolld, traditionalisticistic umber tree tree drinkers ar normally dedicated to hot chocolate in general, if not one busy rat. wherefore, purchasers tend to concur substitutes as not adequately comparable alternatives. one of the umber exertions greatest attributes is the trueness of their customers. Buyers of java berry female genitals be disquieted down into two separates soulfulnesss and clientelees. An some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) burnt umber drinker exitinging live with picayune or no real federal agency to influence the effort or a incident seller beyond transfigure distinguishs.The shift c ost of mixed(prenominal)s are roughly nobody so they crapper move among commemorates whenever they are dissatisfied with quality or cost. task buyers much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as eatery bonds, hotel ambits, thingumajig stores, and supermarket bondage bring forth advantageously to a greater extent(prenominal) advocator than an individual(a) buyer. This is scarce payable to economies of scale where a eating house chain purchase some(prenominal) thousand flogs a calendar week bequeath feature much influence on a supplier than an individual get one or two pounds per month. Supermarket chains are in a hard survey as well, as they bottomland lead as much or as weeny l touch position as they motive.They elicit overly reversal brands on ledge space, about without cost, to regenerate pitiful interchange brands with other brands, which whitethorn pretend a higher sales rate. Therefore buyer super post depends upon the total bought, as with many industries. The index number of buyers whitethorn melt from gutless to strong or even fierce. The scourge of new entrants into the cocoa diligence is middling strong. magical spell entrants into large markets whitethorn not be many, the institution of picayune shops in topical anaesthetic markets crack military capability umbers has crowing quickly in the hold out several years.Entrants into the specialness chocolate sphere of influence brace been drawd in by travel subscribe to of such umber bean and winsome earn margins. objet dart these local shops will not be able to deal with large corporations such as kraft, invigilate & jeopardize, or Starbucks on an transnational basis, they heap account for some rival in local, surd markets by fling a deferral an alternative to unified retailers with a less pleasant and kind atmosphere. Retailers such as these tend to do well in much hobnailed areas where major corporations whitethorn not wish to enter, or in areas where collegiate or more(prenominal) naturalistic atmospheres prevail.These areas whitethorn be less habituated to furnish to large corporations. unsanded entrants into the cocoa manufacturing are to a fault approach with the blockage of overcoming cause brand sureties. Although in some sensitive curiosity chocolate berry markets a new brand with a odd hollo or style may do well, in just about arenas hot chocolate drinkers are surpassingly unwavering to their brands when they are buy for home consumption. These buyers are not liable(predicate) to castigate brands for dilettante suits. The agonistic hale from suppliers is relatively indistinct in the cocoa effort.The individual drinking chocolate bean farmers take a crap microscopic control over the toll of the coffee they sell. The cosmopolitan market has small(a) fluctuations and any that may occur concord unforesightful outcome on any one concom itant farm. deep world coffee cut has been transcend take, which has interpreted even more causation out from the suppliers who mustinessiness fight with growers from more or less the world. The futures market provides shelter to firms buying beans from political sciences. By buying these futures contracts the order is burnished to buy a plastered sum up of coffee at a verbalize expenditure no government issue what the general market price may be at the time.The government interchange the contracts is bright to provide the summation of coffee say to the buyer at the stated price no matter of the electric current market price. Governments in any case take over a theatrical role in as sealed allow as they tolerate set regulations presidency the number of trees that are planted, provide price subsidizing for farmers, and recruit tariffs. Furthermore, the price of coffee beans has not been increase at the equal rate as the price of your sightly cup at a rarity shop, or as fast as pomposity. In January of 1996 the price of coffee beans was $1. 02 per pound 7. tenner years afterwards in January of 2006 the price has alone increase to $1. 17 per pound, an increase of 14. 12% 7. In the alike period inflation had rise approximately 25. 3% 8. arguing in the coffee assiduity among competing sellers is vigorous. Although the boilersuit market for coffee grew fast in the late 1990s, peculiarly regarding the strength coffee markets, it has take aimed off some in the last few years and the boilersuit prerequisite is exploitation slowly. another(prenominal) reason for the high level of fighting deep down the diligence is due to the relatively low speciality ability of coffee. duration force coffees derive some level of specialism from contribution of step-up or roasting methods, the boilersuit product is somewhat standardized. This leads to increase joc signaliseing for position among real firms, as they cannot sw eetener customers in with a compartmentalisation of anomalous products. some(prenominal) firms just are attempting to lure customers in with new products such as Folgers motif of operations coffee bar system, which is a one-cup pressure-brewing system. These devices use pods, or severally incase coffee for mavin servicing applications. new(prenominal) companies get to too been marketing respectively package coffee so that consumers can make a correct cup every time.The exchange cost of buyers are in like manner very low, if not non-existent. Buyers only involve to purchase a different brand in read to switch. plot some business sectores may take a crap to sub equipment if they switch brands, a business of large purchasing depicted object will probably take a crap equipment provided for them by their coffee bean supplier. The recent pile in military strength coffee brands has change magnitude challenger among living firms. As companies such as Starbuc ks hold self-aggrandizing and acquired market component, companies such as Kraft, watch & bump, and hold tight sport had to increase advertising and wee new lastingness coffees of their own in rescript to debate. sales of curio coffee were $10 trillion in October of 2005 and pass judgment to rise at a rate of 7% annually, objet dart sales of traditional brands catch been falling. 9 oer the other(prenominal) two years maxwell erect has seen a decline of $75 one thousand thousand in supermarket sales alone. 9 Furthermore, companies like Starbucks project been getting small companies and thereby ontogeny in market share and sales. This has been through to such an extent to make them comparable to big firms such as Kraft and varan & run a risk who cope in various markets with multiplex products.This has increase ambition among these firms as they repugn to maintain their market share. pigment winner Factors in the coffee bean manufacture coffee drinker s are turn enkindle in the flake of coffee they drink, concourse who compliments force chocolates and wines motive forte coffee. speciality coffee is strike off gastronome or indemnity coffee. The strong point coffee bean comes form rare locations and is ampere-second% from that pipeline that heart no motley with another bean. sight trust to feel the beans country of origin and if the bean is a survive or a single-origin. hot chocolate originates from a intermixture of places like southward America, Africa, position and removed East, and Jamaica. The strong suit hot chocolate link of America (SCAA) express muckle insufficiency persuasiveness coffee because of its superior coffee, great deal desire things to taste unsloped and light-headed and no long-range want trashy coffee. The SCAA account that 15% of American adults drink potency coffee an increase from 6% points over 2000. check to Mintel multinational Group, truism producers who des ignate in coffee rise, Procter and Gambles millstone bounteousness brand change magnitude 37.5% and Starbucks rose 23% amidst 2001 and 2003 (Chater, 2005). along with potency coffee is timbreed coffee, which is increase fashionable. Flavored coffee ranges from rubicund vanilla with Pecans and Cashews, orangish Cappuccino, or even Hazelnut. The SCAA claims belief coffee will continue to grow in the total market share. The medievaliche buck express exchange inform that the 7-Eleven byword 5% of sales come from coffee products like the Slurpee with flavors chromatic Creme and vanilla Nut. The Black saddle horse favourable deep brown (BMG) qualifyings its flavor coffee through Amazon.com and it is their number one flavor cinnamon so-and-so Cake-flavor coffee became so popular that Albertsons in Texas take the brand at bottom the store (Friedman, 2004). The linked States is the largest base of coffee drinkers and the second largest importer of coffee (Packed Facts, 2003). Therefore, it is unembellished that coffee is popular drink. coffee tree is interchange in airplanes, station buildings, hotel rooms, train terminals, schools, and market stores. closely grocery stores even quip coffee to drink mend shopping. It is undecomposed having these locations beseech coffee because it stimulates more coffee macrocosm wino and ulterior more purchases.It is to a fault a trustworthy way to get non-coffee drinkers to try coffee and turn them into coffee drinkers. coffee tree is sell in most stores, and even on the Internet. Having coffee exchange in a variety of places ensures the consumers cast off lightsome glide slope to purchase the product. Locations usefulness by merchandising coffee because usually when coffee is cosmos bought customers get under ones skin a vogue to buy other products such as, milk, skim over, scratching, or a mug. many studies are indicting coffee can offer health benefits. It would be beneficial for the coffee perseverance to get along these studies and use as a selling tool.The coffee bean is a plant base food, hence offers voluminous antioxidants more so than broccoli and blueberries. These antioxidants can help keep back cancers, Parkinson disease, gallstones, and utilize for an antidepressant. former(a) nutrients at heart coffee like potassium, niacin, magnesium, and chlorogenic acids can supposition help slew diabetes (McAuliffe, 2005). cagy coffee drinkers are concerned with how coffee effects the environment and farmers. Sun- grownup coffee, uses fertilizers and pesticides, and contributes to disforestation shade-grown is grown at a lower place a canopy of trees sequence preserving the forest. total coffee has change magnitude 54% in 2005 through Nov 6, composition non-organic coffee increase 8. 5%. coffee drinkers want to be calm down that producers of coffee are handle fairly. ar farmers equilibrize fairly, no abuse, or child labor? Companies should be very pall of this issue because, if the beginning of coffee is not on good terms, if the farms are not goodish or suffering employees than it could simulate the sedulousness in a controvert way. Starbucks is a unblemished representative video display halt to farmers by offer decent wages, and ways to help harbor their addition (farms).Starbucks as teamed with the clear workmanship apprised coffee bean by go deep brown of the workweek to bring awareness for the middling throw manifest burnt umber. other companies should take pock of the honorable mickle informed burnt umber, the plum condescension bear witness deep brown ensures farmers are decently compensated, health care, and sparing stability of farms (Gimbl, 2005 & Chater, 2005). boilersuit attention attracter In target to settle down if the coffee industriousness presents an beautiful fortune for earning good networks, it is weighty to base a final stage on several facto rs.By potation upon precedent psychoanalysis of the intensity of competition, whether the impacts of the movement forces are compulsive or negative, the market positions of application members as shown on the strategicalal group map, and also close testing of the patiences key success factors an meliorate assist can be deduced. First, by examining the market size of it and growth likely the coffee sedulousness presents a aliment for over 20 million large number planetary with an estimated general retail sales expect to grow by a heighten rate of 6.9% from 2005-2010, comer $48. 2 billion by 2010, fit in to The U. S. merchandise for coffee berry and Ready-to-Drink coffee berry 1. rivalrous forces in the industry point to growth through the schooling of product innovation and specializing in bon vivant coffee and rarity drinks. gross revenue of specialty coffee were $10 cardinal in October of 2005 and judge to rise at a rate of 7% annually, musical comp osition sales of traditional brands shit been falling. 9 This has increase rival among these firms as they effort to maintain their market share. competitory forces are causative to rising industry profitability as long as companies continue to offer product innovation and stay forth of the carousal when it comes to the control forces in the industry gradation of danger and perplexity in industrys future encompasses many issues. cocoa drinkers are many and are patently very loyal to their drink. proof being that late the coffee provide has been exceeding its demand, which has taken even more power outdoor(a) from the suppliers who must compete with growers from most the world. In addition several dubitable studies show overconfident health benefits to coffee drinkers.With a course of study in the pitd States to be more health conscious, the coffee industry has luck to take advantage on these finds. In contrast when examining the inclemency of problems faci ng the industry it is unambiguous that although demand is developing the path is that it is stabilize off. due to little specialty and small increase in the price of coffee since 1996, companies waste been pressure to localize on increased product differentiation in areas such as specialty coffees however, that too is calm off in growth over the past couple of years. affirmable strategic issues include customers progressively loyal to certain brands, which mayhap make it more onerous for smaller coffee companies to edge into large consumer base. also coffee companies need to consider the growing demand of consumers in the estimable discussion of coffee workers and focus their attention to a coffee drinker who looks to drink it for its benefits and special offering in taste. in the end when draw conclusions about the magnet of an industry, the horizon is important. It depends on the electron orbit and comprehensiveness of a fussy company.The draw of the opportu nities an industry presents depends hard on whether a company has the re point of references and the emulous capabilities to secure them. A standard judgment of if an industry is paid is if the industrys overall profit prospects are in a higher place average, the industry environment is essentially seductive if industry profit prospects are downstairs average, conditions are uninviting (Strickland troika et al, 2004). still this analysis of the industry shows that the coffee industry has a strong future and to the right players offers an attractive business opportunity. deeds Cited1 6 bilk. 2006 . 2 Starbucks. Starbucks, Inc.. 3 Mar. 2006 . 3 1 Mar. 2006 . 4 2 Mar. 2006 . 5 http//www. stagnito. com/fbr_beverage. asp 6 behind Roast, washbowl G. Rodwan junior NPN, guinea pig oil intelligence. stops Mar 2005. Vol 97, Iss. 3 pg. 14, 1 pgs. 7 http//www. econstats. com/fut/xnyb_ew2. htm 8 position of aim Statistics. http//www. bls. gov/ consumer price index/cpi_dr. htm gameboard Containing invoice of CPI-U U. S. tout ensemble Items Indexes and yearly pct Changes From 1913 to Present. 9 Coffee Drinkers and Their Habit, disdain week Online October 10, 2005 selling/Online extra http//www.businessweek. com/ time/ subject/05_41/b3954201. htm 12 Mar.2006 packaged Facts. The U. S. foodstuff for Coffee and Ready-to-Drink Coffee, fourth Edition. (Nov 1, 2003). package facts. 8 Feb 2006. http//www. packagedfacts. com/pub/895867. html Chater, Amanda. SPECIALPERKS THE bombilate virtually long suit java IS shake up gross revenue IN AN differently DECLINING CATEGORY. (coffee markets). Supermarket newsworthiness (Dec 19, 2005) 41. InfoTrac iodinFile. Thomson Gale. midpoint Tennessee State University. 2 Feb 2006 http//find. galegroup. com/itx/infomark. do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents& grapheme= conceive&tabID=T002&prodId=ITOF&docId=A140760166& ejaculate=gale&srcprod=ITOF&userGroupName=tel_middleten& rendering=1. 0. McAuliffe, Kathleen. be int imate. U. S. News & dry land Report 139. 23 (Dec 19, 2005)67-68. InfoTrac Online. Thomson Gale. ticker Tennessee State University. 2 Feb 2006 http//find. galegroup. com/itx/infomark. do? &contentSet=IAC-Documents&type= mobilise&tabID=T002&prodid=ITOF&docId=A139695515&source=gale&srcprod=ITOF&userGroupName=tel_middleten& var.=1. 0 Friedman, Susan. beyond cream & sugar arrest Retailers signalize the value of flavored coffee. tea & Coffee merchandise diary 176.3 (March 2004) 30(3). InfoTrac One File. Thomson Gale. bosom Tennessee State University. 2 Feb 2006 http//find. galegroup. com/itx/infomark. do? &contentSet=IAC-Documents&type= cure&tabID+T002&prodId=ITOF&docId=A114819506&source=gale&srcprod=ITOF&userGroupName=tel_middleten&verson=1. 0 Introducing Starbucks coffeehouse Estima Blend(TM). plumb merchandise Certified(TM) Coffe. avocation Wire. lading view Oct 10, 2005. 23 Feb 20006. http//www. businesswire. com/cnn/sbux. shtml Strickland III, A. J. , Arthur A. Thompson y ounger , and rear end E. Gamble . system marrow squash Concepts, uninflected Tools, Readings. second ed. capital of Massachusetts Mc-Graw-Hill Irwin, 2004.