Festivals In Indonesia

fetes In IndonesiaeventsOdalan fiestaLocated in Bali, IndonesiaThe thousands temples that is located in Bali, Indonesia has its own distinct way of celebrating its own Odalan fiesta which mark the anniversary of each temples building finale which is celebrated every 210th day. It has more than 20,000 temples and each festival would last for 3 days. There are several Odalan Festivals that would take place all throughout the island. Each temple having its own rituals and customs dutys but normally, the first day of Odalan Festival would st imposture with the local anesthetic women all dressed in their traditional Balinese clothe as they join the long procession to the temple where they trick hence lay their cherish gifts and offerings to the gods. The next two days are ordinarily spent in intense prayer meetings, trance like jump and music, puppet theatre and feasting.Rice Harvest FestivalLocated in IndonesiaThe country celebrates the annual Rice Harvest Festival at the quit of the harvest season. This event is a joyous time and a considerable occasion to be in Bali Island. This event is contributed to the Rice God Dewi Sri. The local farmers would offer their great gratitude and praise for their abundant harvest of the year. Visitors to such festivals can try several of their dishes which are cooked as in offering in honor of the Rice God.Pasar Baru FestivalLocated in Jakarta, IndonesiaEven though there are those huge and gigantic shop centers today, Pasar Baru shopping center was one of the pioneering centers of its kind in the island of Jakarta. It was constructed in the 1960s. It celebrates its status as the regions first shopping center yearly with magnanimous events like shop decoration competitions, shopping discounts, food and drinks events and prize giveaways.Sriwijaya FestivalLocated in Sumatra, IndonesiaThis yearly event aims to hold and support the past culture of the country by bringing its great history to the routine life of the lo cals through a program of grand performances, activities and exhibitions.Every champion year, it never fail to attract both locals and tourists alike, the Sriwijaya Festival is a rejoicing and lively week long event that also intromits mesmerizing storytelling activities, neat dances and live musical performances. Also there are new events that would include those speed boat races at the impressive river of Musi. This festival was a tradition from the ancient Sumatran Kingdom that has an important rule in the heathenish and trade industry during the 13th century. This yearly affair brings forth the greatness of history to life.Jakarta bonnyLocated in Jakarta, IndonesiaJakarta Fair is part of the regions anniversary extended celebrations. It showcases the exhibits from all across the country a wide display of different variety of products and goods that ranged from oddity foods items to those exotic traditional handmade arts and crafts. Also, visitors and guests would enj oy the live merriment of cultural performances, dance and music. recruit Village subtletyLocation in Yogyakarta, IndonesiaAs the locals offer their great gratitude to their god because of the gift of their precious legislation River that runs all the way through the Yogyakarta, this yearly Code Village Purification is the most important ceremony for the locals and villages of Code Uatara area. This has been an ancient ritual as the villagers would carry out the traditional dances, ceremonies and parades in thanking the gods for the life giving Code River.Senggigi FestivalLocated in Lombok, IndonesiaTourists and visitors can truly take delight in a week long events during the Senggigi Festival as it aims to uphold Lomboks tourism. It is held yearly at the striking Senggigi beach area. Its events would range from the art exhibitions, cultural demonstrations to those schematic crafts. It also has several activities particularly those activities for children which make this big ev ent a great day out for families.Firework peril and Youth NightLocated in Jakarta, IndonesiaThis big event is held annually on the eve of Jakartas anniversary celebrations. This event is a series of events that range from lively music and grand theatre performances to those storytelling and conventional ceremonies. Same as those good celebrations, this big grand event comes to a noisy end with a magnificent fireworks display at midnight.

What About Me Self Assessment Of Personality Nursing Essay

What About Me Self Assessment Of Personality Nursing EssayWhat image of psycheality do I withstand? What kind of values do I hold? What impresss me? After completing the graduation section of the self-assessment, I cave in a disclose insight into the world inside my head. roughlytimes that croupe be a frightening place, but that information can be very valu sufficient when determining what jobs ar right for me.I began my move by reviewing my personality insights. My basic personality is highlighted with traits such as being responsible and dependable along with being assertive and persistent. I am moderately trusting, cooperative, and imaginative. I have a Type-A personality with a Jungian 16-type personality of ESPF meaning that I am spontaneous, generous, and sociable.When I aim at my job in terms of my personality, I begin to make my double-deckers perception of my attain. He has told me that I am very dependable, use, and detail oriented. When I work in the w argo nhouse, he knows that he does not have to misgiving roughly the quality of my performance and knows that the warehouse will be well(p) maintained. Within the past year, he gave me the opportunity to cross-train with technicians and to broaden my knowledge. My animal trainer express that he is trying to help me to be much(prenominal) than valuable and salable to the owners of the friendship.Knowing that my theater director cares well-nigh my stability and tenure with the company helps me to have a better outlook and attitude toward the company which moves me to the next grade of my journey. This portion of my self-assessment gave me a chance to look at my values and attitude. soak in accomplishment, knowledge and wisdom, and satisfaction in life are at the top of my terminal values while prosperity and wealth are at the bottom. My top instrumental values are assertiveness, dependability, and self-sufficiency. I was affect to transgress that open-mindedness and honesty were at the bottom of my list. Additionally, I am rose-colored in workplace diversity and involved in my job however, I l substantiateed that I am not very satisfied on the job(p) for my employer.In an attempt to understand his employees and learn more about them, my manager has live withn us individually to breakfast away from work so that we could be open and candid. We used the time to speak freely and controvert any issue. Having the chance to meet with my manager and to speak without restrictions has helped me to hold a different view toward our work situation. Before our meeting, my manager had realized that many of my job dissatisfaction has come from not being able to ignore some of the companys un ethical business practices. He discussed his concern about the business practices and sensible me that he is addressing those concerns with upper management.As I moved further along, this journey brought me to the inspiration of my motivation. I have high existence postulat e with acquirement at the top of my dominant needs list, and my main dominant needs include my desire to excel and desire to work with minimal supervision. along with these needs, I hold strong values. Some of my values include better pay, more vacation time, strong whole toneings of job security, and chances to advance. Even though I have a varying view of other people, I break away to enjoy watching very successful people fail. When a person acts as though he is better and more deserving than others, it is pure to see a humbling experience bring him back to reality. I have a moderately high outlook on my jobs actuate potential and I am confident in my abilities to be successful.Although my manager has no control over giving me more vacation time, he uses some of the other values to help build morale and motivate his department. He gave me a chance to advance and learn additional skills which has helped me to earn a pay raise. That raise has motivated me to increase the qualit y of my work especially since I was the only person in the company to pose a raise because of the poor economy.Eventually I was able to take a peek into my decision making insights. I discovered that I usually do not procrastinate. Instead, I try to be more proactive and strive to keep stronger ethics than most people. I feel that business decisions should involve a moral philosophy and that business ethics are not just for public relations.Unfortunately, not everyone in my company holds the same ethical values. My manager strives to sentry his department toward good ethical values so that we can set an example for the remainder of the company. He holds us accountable for doing what is right. As I watch him trying to guide other managers and their departments to have higher ethical standards, I gain more respect for him. And, with that gain of respect, I feel even more motivated to help him in his quest for better business ethics.Finally, I was able to study other traits that I p ossess. I learned that I am good at personal planning. I have realistic goals for my future, have a plan for completing my major, and am proactive instead of reactive. another(prenominal) trait that I possess is high unrestrained Intelligence which shows that I may be successful in a position that requires social skills. Other traits that I have are showing initiative, taking action, and persevering.During my up-to-the-minute employee evaluation, my supervisor characterized me as having these personality traits, and I agree. As I contrast myself to other employees, I realize that I am extremely dependable, knowledgeable, and dedicated to my job. According to my supervisor, the owners of the company know that I am passionate about my job and believe that I am a valuable asset to the company.Although I am successful at anything that I attempt, my manager say that I am a perfect fit for the warehouse hotshot position and should be able to succeed as a warehouse manager when I fi nish my degree. I am enthusiastic about my job and strive for perfection. I am also very fine about someone else trying to complete my job. I am shortly on a three month medical leave and al found know that there will be a disaster delay for me to correct when I return.A key to my motivation is helping me to go out my importance in the company and showing trust in my abilities and intelligence. My manager is beginning to learn this key to help improve my motivation. He shows his government agency in my abilities by utilizing minimal supervision. He is learning that if he gives me the blank shell and ability to work independently I will be more motivated and will give more effort and quality work.The first portion of the self-assessment journey has been very interesting. I was not surprised to discover the results of the tests. My motivation and confidence helps me to reinforce my values, attitude, and ethics. Eventually, I will be ready to acquire more responsibilities and cont inue to climb the corporate ladder.Self-Assessment Library tarradiddleI.A.1. Whats My Basic Personality?Your gives areScore1 12Score2 11Score3 15Score4 11Score5 10I.A.2. Whats My Jungian 16-Type Personality?Your score is ESFPI.A.3. Am I a Type-A?Your score is 108I.A.4. How Well Do I Handle equivocalness?Your score is 22How Creative Am I?Your score is 9I.B.1. What Do I Value?Your scores areScore1 3Score2 2Score3 9Score4 1Score5 10Score6 5Score7 4Score8 8Score9 6Score10 7Score11 1Score12 7Score13 2Score14 8Score15 3Score16 5Score17 10Score18 4Score19 9Score20 6I.B.2. How Involved Am I In My concern?Your score is 34I.B.3. How Satisfied Am I With My Job?Your score is 54I.B.4. What Are My Attitudes Toward Workplace Diversity?Your score is 24I.C.1. What Motivates Me?Your scores areScore1 16Score2 13Score3 19I.C.2. What are My Dominant Needs?Your scores areScore1 25Score2 12Score3 21Score4 15I.C.3. What Rewards Do I Value Most?Your scores areScore1 5Score2 4Score3 5Score4 5Score5 4Score 6 4Score7 4Score8 5Score9 5Score10 4I.C.4. Whats My View on the Nature of good deal?Your score is 21I.C.5. What are My Course Performance Goals?Your score is 12I.C.6. How Confident Am I In My Abilities to Succeed?Your score is 22I.C.7. Whats My Attitude Toward Achievement?Your scores areScore1 50Score2 47I-C-8. Whats My Jobs need Potential?Your score is 200I-C-9. Do I Want an Enriched Job?Your score is 4.1I-D-1. Am I a Procrastinator?Your score is 1I-D-2. How Do My Ethics Rate?Your scores areScore1 1Score2 1Score3 4Score4 2Score5 1Score6 1Score7 1Score8 4Score9 2Score10 1Score11 1Score12 2Score13 1Score14 2Score15 5I.E.1. Whats My Emotional Intelligence Score?Your score is 39I.E.2. What Time of Day Am I Most Productive?Your score is 33I.E.3. How Good Am I at Personal Planning?Your scores areScore1 5Score2 4Score3 4Score4 5Score5 5Score6 5I.E.4. Am I Likely to Become an Entrepreneur?Your score is 104

Data Protection Act Principles in Childcare

Data Protection Act Principles in childc beUNIT 5 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES5.1 entropy PROTECTION ACT 1998Anyone who admits disks whether on computer or on piece mustiness apply with this act. It should be clear to service manipulationr for what take the info are be unploughed. study slightly a child should also be amicable to parents and shared with them. It is non compulsory just do on their demand. Information should not be kept for longer than necessary, though accident and accompanying drops lead be exact to be kept in matter they are needed for references at rough time in future. Records must be injectd securely.THE 4 DATA PROTECTION ACT PRINCIPALS AND HOW TO IMPLEMENT IT IN A CHILDCARErefined FAIRLY AND LAWFULLY It is truly weighty that personal info should be processed fairly. In practice you must legitimate grounds for collection and using the personal information. You must not use the data in way that conduct unjustified untoward effects on t he individual concerned. You must be transparent ab expose how to use the data and privacy notices when they collecting their data. You get up sure you do not do anything unconventional with the period.OBTAINED FOR SPECIFIED LAWFUL PURPOSES This data is understandably linked with first data comfortive covering. If you obtain personal data for an unlawful purpose then you will be in br distributively of some(prenominal) first and second data protection. For example to implement this data in you setting you must be clear from the outsets about why you are collecting personal data and what you intend to do with it. You must trace what act says about notifying given to the teaching commissnor.ADEQUATE, RELEVANT AND not unreasonable The data protection does not define these words, clearly though they need to be strikeed. For examples a debt collection agency is engaged to find a bankrupticular debt. Its collects nurture several of people with similar name. During the inquiry some of these people are discounted. Company should delete most of the data, just keep minimum data. If you need to hold particular information about authoritative individual only you should collect it just for those individual. The information is likely to be excessive and irrelevant in relevant to otherwise people.precise AND UP TO DATE The law recognise that it may not be realistic to double check the verity of e really item of personal data you receive. So the act manufacture specific provision about the accuracy that information that individual provides about themselves. When you go through this data protection you should take reasonably steps to ensure the accuracyof any personal you obtain, make sure that the any personal data is clear and carefully consider whether it is necessary to update the information.NOT KEPT ANY LONGER thence NECESSARY personal data processed for any purposes or purpose shall not be kept for longerthen is necessary for that parpose. In your setting you will need to review the length of time you keep personal data and update archieve or securely delete information if it goes out of date.PROCESSED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DATA SUBJECTS RIGHTSSECURELY KEPT.NOT TRANSFERRED TO ANY OTHER COUNTRY WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION IN SITU.A good evaluation of your chosen Data Protection Act principles.5.2 ACCURATE LEGIBLE AND UP TO shew KEEPING data WITH NON COMPLIANCESWhen you start a business as a child care that it is very all meaning(a)(predicate) to keep sinless and complete magnetic discs. Your business record should includeYou should collect keep record banking informationYou must need a certainty of incomeYou need to keep a proof of expenses that how much you spend on their victuals and stuffYou need to be organised, keep your records up to date and then hold on to them for seven appraise years. Good records are important for your business becauseThey discount make filling in your tax returns easier and quickerThey can make it quicker for your tax agent or accountant to do your book and save your money.They can give you the information you need to manage your business and help it grow, and make it easier to get a loan. Tax record is a legal takement to running a business.LEGIBILITYLegibility mean all information should be correct, legible and clearly. So following steps could be helpful for legible record keepingAll written information should be neat cleared and use in black ink because it is clearer to read and photocopies.It is more important that handwriting should be legible. If it is not readable person can misunderstanding.If someone changes to documentation much(prenominal) as medication form, parents permission form, it must be signed and dated.White field fluid should not be use over the mistake, just crossed with a line.UP TO DATE INFORMATIONMake sure personal data always should be accurate if not, for examples if someone has removed from Chester to kings brook, a record showi ng that he before long lives in Chester is obviously inaccurate. But a record showing that he once lived in Chester remains accurate, even though he no longer lives there. You must always be clear about what a record is intended to show. Personal data always pose to be up to date. This depends on what the information is used for like medication changing, food requirements. If the information is used for a purpose that relies on it remaining current, it should be kept up to date.There is often confusion about whether it is take away to keep records of things that happened which should not have happened. Individuals understandably dont exigency their records to be tarnished by, for example, a penalty or other charge that was subsequent turned or refunded. However, the organization may legitimately wish its records to accurately reflect what actually happened in this example, that a charge was imposed, and later can carreled or refunded. Keeping a record of a mistake and its cor rection might also be in the individuals interests.5.3 staple fiber INFORMATION OF RECORDBefore child coming in glasshouse or school basic information must be make full in. Supervisor should be informed to parents that this information will be treated with confidentially and that will be stored preventively. The record will be reviewed regularly and kept up to date with parentss help. superviser collects all information from parents.DIFFERENT ship canal OF transcription When recording data on a computer it is very important to make sure that adequate reliable methods of backing up the data are employedso that if the computer mal righteousness or becomes damaged the files can be easly retrieved on another governing body. There are so many an(prenominal) ways to keep record like DIGITAL DATA, PAPER RECORD AND MANUAL RECORD.TYPES OF DIGITAL DATA Digital data exists on many devices today not just computer and server. Portable media such as USB thumb drives, CDs and DVDs as well as copier, printer and electronic scanner sound and drives.DESKTOP COMPUTER HARD DRIVES LAPTOP HARD DRIVES ZIP DISKS diskette DISKS Most people are aware of the need to destroy troublesome drives found in desktop and laptop computers and other magnetic transshipment center devices.COPIERS PRINTER SCANNERS ALL IN ONE DEVICES Advanced office equipment, including, printers, copiers, and scanner as well as mobile devices, such as cell phones can be the source of unexpected digital data breaches.USB hobble DRIVES LAPTOP (SSHD) -Thumb drives and external hard drives use solid state drives (SSD) to store and transfer data. These drives look like magnetic hard drives but require specialized processing to ensure complete digital data destruction.These digital data should be stored safely secured in small locked safes. It should be protect by the secret password. Children should not allow to use same computer or desktop which have a confidential files.PAPER RECORDING the data protection apply equally to personal data held on ICT system and on idea files. The following guidelines should be followed with regards to be held on radical files.This should be operating of a policy whereby paper files containing such data are locked away when not required.Paper records and files should be turn over to those personnel with business reason to access them.Personal and sensitive information held on paper must be kept hidden from companionship to officers.Secure disposal of confidential waste should be in put up and properly used.When paper files are transfer within In a department, usually should be hand delivery.in the paper record have a same information but defferent way to keep it safe then digital. All paper work, files, information about financial should be out of reach of children. It should be locked on high place in childcare setting but they must be sealed in water proof bag.5.4 PRIMARY TYPES OF DATA STORAGESPrimary stocks is a storages post that ho lds memory for short periods of times while the computer RAM and accumulate are both examples of a primary storages device. The capacity of RAM in terms of data storages is less but it offers a very steadfast access rate, this making it very pretty expensive. Processor cache is the part of RAM and is using for speeding up the execution. So primary storage allows faster access, it is highly violating in nature that means it clears up during the booting.DATA STORAGES FOR DIGITAL Computer data storages often called storages or memory is engineering consisting of computer components and reading media used to retain digital data. It is core function and fundamental component of computer. Internal and external hard drives, DVD-R, CD-R, USB flash drives, vane based storages AKA the clouds are primary storages for digital.PAPER STORAGES mostly files and folders and piles on your desk, stapled, paper clipped, computer, pen, pencils and some even have a typewriter need for paper storages . Using paper record increase the risk of grammar errors, improper data entry and other record inaccuracies. Paper also requires physical storages with could be costly expenses for business. By jpvskuEvaluate for the best optionPaper records are best option for the home childcare setting. For paper records it is advisable to have a file rooms, and avoid having every employee maintaining their own filling cabinet. neat files maintenance in the office is an effective record keeping strategy. It is very important that when you are planning your physical record keeping system to think in terms of RECORD SERIES. As you examine yourself make sure that information you produced is a logical relatively independent from other records. Why it is important because for longer terms and storages you will find regardful types of records need different strategies. A Common mistake made in records maintances is to information goes in but no way to information comes out so it will become soon unman ageable size.There is something special about paper records that make them more REAL than the same record in digital formats but this is not correct because digital is a faster and a properly produced, stored and maintained digital is just as valid in the eyes of the law as any paper records. Proper records management requires you to know which copy is your copy of record. erst a copy of record has been established, the other copy can be destroyed safelyA common problem that faces many organizations is variation in record keeping practices. This usually results from personal turnover which each new employee creates the systems. If this happening several times, the record keeping system may become a combination of many techniques and schemes. New employees should be skilled in the current producer of the department. The best way to ensure that the symmetry is through and adequate documentation.In this UNIT I did try explain about data protection act 1998, how to implement it into childcare setting, record keeping information, deferent ways of recording, primary types of data storages and evaluate of paper records.Referenceswww.dataprotection.iewww.en.wikipedia.org.www.ehow.com.www.computerhope.vomwww.buzzle.comwww.dartmouth.comwww.ico.org.ukwww.irdgovt,cznz

Project management synopsis

Project heed synopsisProject recognisement en incontestables that objectify requirements ar met by applying tools, techniques, skills, and knowledge to sick activities (or tasks). The fundamental structure of consider do itment is defined by the suffer stakeholders, which are declare oneself sponsor, declare oneself team, suppliers, support staff, customers, and users. Other fundamental areas of realise management are envision management tools and techniques, and find management knowledge areas find integration, chain of mountains, time, live, flavor, gracious resource, communication, procurement and lay on the line management. However, of these knowledge areas the show integration management is to the highest degree critical because it integrates all other areas of purpose management.Although, advise management chiefly ensures that a ejections requirements are met by applying tools, technique, skills, and knowledge to jutting activities (tasks) to meet externalize requirements, it is also is a group of interrelated mouldes initiating, planning, draw and monitoring. Of these three physical processes, the executing processes require more time and resources, followed by the planning processes. A broader indicate of the activities involved in determine management is seen in mapping the activities of the process group into the nine digest areas.Since it is critical for bulge out management to meet project requirements goals, and punish stakeholders, it is equally critical for project passenger vehicles to identify, empathize, and manage relationships with all project stakeholders. Also for a project management to meet requirements, and satisfy stakeholders, project must(prenominal) have a project plan. This project plan must define and confirm project goals and objective, identify tasks and how goals are accomplished, quantify inevitable resources, determine project comprise budget and project culmination timelines. A ad journ from be and confirming project goals, the project plan entails the management and implementation of the project plan, change control operations, ensuring communication of accurate and objective runance instruction during project life cycle (or phase), and project failure reco very(prenominal) mechanisms where necessary.The concept of triple constraint is very critical to the undefeated completion or effect of a project. For a project tutor to successfully execute a project, by managing triple constraint, the project motorcoach must be able to balance these constraints goals scope, time, and cost. Since most projects involve changes and balance between these competing goals scope, time, and cost it is very critical for project passenger vehicles to have strong coping skills. Another main(prenominal) factor in project is pure tone. Since customers satisfaction invariably depends on the spirit standards of a product, it is therefore of the essence(predicate) for t he project manager to consider fictional character as an added element to the elements of the triple constraints scope, time, and cost when embarking on a project. A successful project manager must simultaneously and effectively manage these four basic interrelated elements -scope, time, cost and quality knowing that quality is an inseparable part in setting the scope, time and cost of a project.In order for any project to address all the tasks call for to complete the project successfully, the project scope management, which is a critical part of project management, must include processes scope planning, WBS creation, scope definition, scope control and scope verification necessitate to address and accomplish such tasks. Since one of the key reasons why project fail is scope management, it is, therefore, grave for a project scope management to have a readable statement, showing project requirements scope change management, and user involvement.Because most culture proje cts do not meet their project time estimates, manage and track the focusing project activities (or tasks) are scheduled in order to meet project expectations. Project time management is a critical aspect of project management that involves processes action mechanism definition, activity resource estimating, activity duration estimating, activity sequencing, schedule development, and schedule control which are critical to the management of projects in order to meet project schedule, which in turn guarantees a project would stay within the project budget.Cost management is another important and inseparable part of project management. Because cost management is to the effective cost management, project managers must take responsibility of understanding how basic cost concepts, cost control, budgeting and cost estimate are critical to a successful movement of a project (or project phase).Because the quality of a project invariably affects stakeholders satisfaction, it is very criti cal that project quality management, which involves quality assurance, quality control, and quality planning, is taken very seriously. However, in maintaining quality standard that would satisfy stakeholders needs, that project must conform to specified project requirements, and making sure items (deliverables) that meet such project requirements are delivered. With quality control and planning, limited project results are monitored to ensure that such results conforms to quality standards, and quality standards pertaining to the project are identify and satisfied.Since people are the most valuable assets in any project, it is very important that these assets people that are involved in a project are properly managed. Human resource management, which embraces all stakeholders, is a very important part of project management since it directly affects how these resources people perform to attain project objectives. When resources are well managed, project responsibilities, roles, and relationships are identified the personnel needed to represent on a given project are assigned to the project individuals and groups are trained on project management skills to enhance project surgery and project team members performance is tracked, and conflicts and issues are resolved.The importance of communication cannot be undermined when managing projects. Communication is the platform on which any project runs. The failure or success of a project depends on the way all key elements of a project croak information about that project to each other. With effective project management, which involves information distribution, stakeholder management, communication planning, and performance report, a project manager is able to manage the team members and communicate well with other key elements in a project. Also, with effective communication interface management, whereby reports and status updates, changes, and other project issues, that could affect the execution of a project ar e communicated to the appropriate personnel in a timely manner, project objectives (or goals) would be achieved. However, project managers and team members must understand the importance of creating a good working relationship as project information is communicated. Since the number of communication channels increase with increase in number of people that need to communicate, it is very critical that project managers must develop a good communication and conflict management skills. give care communication, resource, scope, time, cost, insecurity management is very critical to a successful execution of a project. Since risk management is a process in which what may impact a project negatively or positively, it is important that the project manager has appropriate risk plan in place. With the risk plan, approaches and plans for risk management activities for a especial(a) project are decided. The processes involved in risk management are risk monitoring and control, risk identifica tion, risk management planning, quantitative risk analysis, and qualitative risk analysis.Procurement, which is the aspects of project management that involves obtaining goods and serve from outside source or company, includes processes planning purchases and acquisitions, requesting traffickers responses, planning contracting, choose sellers, administering contracts, and closing contracts that are very important to the health of any project. formulate purchases and acquisitions involves a process whereby items to purchase for a project and when needed is determined. In planning purchases and acquisition, the project manager should be involved since the project manager is practically acquainted with what would be needed for the project. However, in requesting seller responses, discover of vendors to consider are identified, and information about their capabilities and monetary values through vendor proposals and price quotes are received. The listing is further narrowed down to a list of companies that meet certain criteria.Plan contracting is another process that involves creating products and services requirements. These products and services are those that are needed for a project execution. The companies or suppliers that would supply these product and services must be identified.Select seller is the process that involves choosing the vendor that meets the criteria set by the company for a particular project. The chosen vendor would provide the product or service that is required for the project.Contract administration is the process that involves managing the relationship with the contracted company. The project manager must work with the vendor, writing and administering the contract, bearing in mind the profound consequences that could occur he does not understand the contract.Contract closure is the process that involves the completion and settlement of all contracts that existed during the project life cycle. The project manager and project t eam will be involved to ensure the completion of the contracted work and to gather lesson knowledgeable during the procurement process.As an IT professional, project management is very critical for IT project execution or completion. The lesson learned from this class is one that would be applied in my future work environment. Planning a project is not for a project manager alone. There are team members, like me, that would be involved in projects that would require me to show what I have learned over the strain of this class. I should be able to contribute to the success of any project for which I would be a project team member. Knowing the project knowledge areas and process groups applying the various project inputs, and adhering to the professional ethical commandment of conduct, would guarantee a litigation-free and successful project execution.

Brand Loyalty in purchase of Sports Apparels

blemish fealty in barter for of Sports App atomic number 18lsPurpose The fol impressioning paper tries to coif whether shopmark inscription is a mediator amidst de miscellaneaity constitute, discloseput lealty, scathe, gillyflower environs, publicity, service type and the invention of a client to grease ones palms sports robess. The weigh presented uses leaf blade Loyalty to investigate the human consanguinity surrounded by snitch stool, mathematical crossing hom term, expense, livestock environment, progress and service eccentric and consumers bearing to leveraging. hightail itency/Methodology/Approach A questionnaire was distri only ifed to students of B-schools India in the duration stem of 18 30 years of get along asking about their preferences when purchasing sports apparels. The egresss of the questionnaire were get word apply the four step method for mediation psychoanalysisFindings mail Loyalty partiall(a)y mediates stain n ame, product committedness, price, stash away environment, promotion, service musical none and the consumers intent to acquire.Research limitations/Implications The biggest limitation was that the engage was confined to the age group of 18-30 years of age. overly it doesnt explore the per contourers which constitute the unaffiliated variables. Future nurture needs to widen the scope of study by including consumers in the age group of 30 plus. Also it needs to incorporate the brokers which work consumer to exhort the product to others.Practical Implications The managerial implications of the question are immense. It guides mangers to choose the around classic calculates magical spell opening up a new inventory as the study establishes that service quality is the almost all authoritative(p) grammatical constituent which modulates the consumers ratiocination to buy sports apparelsOriginality/Value This paper is one of the first studies which examines how fa ll guy name, product surety, price, store environment, promotion and service quality show into design to procure.Paper Type Research PaperIntroductionIndians nowadays find passing-developed a fetish for activewear. This impact tail be seen crossways all age groups Be it youngsters in the nascent stages of skill-development in the subject field of interest in the sports domain, acrobatic adolescents, young men and women with their addiction to gymnasiums or mid-aged and old people who try and look trendy when they go for their nonchalant walks or perform light exercises. This has resulted in a ample call for for sports apparels and it toilet be seen in the huge variety of sport apparels developed by major trade names manage Nike, Adidas, Puma etceteraA authoritative trend was observed in Italy in purchase of athletic wear in summer/spring. (Dusi, 1999). Though thither are very few sellers of sportswear in the market but the competition is very fierce among them. A paper by Wernerfelt in 1991 shows that customers are willing to buy much(prenominal) if the smear name is considered to be superior. (Wenerfelt, 1991) Managers realize that trademark holding is a very important factor that decides consumer behavior. They in want manner consider customer property as a very important factor that tangiblely decides surgical operation of a particular shuffle (Sasser, 1990). Hence knowledge of stain the true is a moldiness for managers.Factors of score Loyalty The main(a) variables label crap ( (Aaker, 1996) (B.D., 2000) (R.W., 1978) stigma name plays a pivotal role in customer retention of advertisements in comparison to a product which is not endorsed by any print, A make name whitethorn influence a psyches buying behavior since hard core followers of a shit purchase all products of a particular blot irrespective of the integral factors. Such dedication to a particular grease is decided by both aflame and physical attributes of the brand name. The complete importance of a brand comes into picture when a choice is to be made between 2 similar products. In such(prenominal) fortunes the product with a reform brand name would be preferred. harvest-feast Quality (G.S., 2005), (D.A., 1988), (C., 2000) Consumer whitethorn emergence to a brand repeatedly if it scores high on product quality. The factors which decide the quality can be fitting, size measurement, color, function and accomplishment of trade. Fitting is of paramount importance in apparels since they actually coif the comfort direct of an individual using them. Material once once again is important since it defines the durability of the product. Some customers alike relate to a particular color. Also how long it takes for the color to fade also de terminalines its quality. Functional attributes like breathable, water-resistance, mild to wash are other parameters which decide the quality of the product. The performance of the merchandise also effect customer psyche since a merchandise having huge sales would make the customer think that the quality of the product must be good to generate such sales. expense ( (B.D., 2000) (Rayner, 1999) (Krishnamurthi, 1991)) scathe is other important factor in consumer behavior. If a customer is a hard core loyalist thus he would be willing to recompense a premium for the brand in consideration and would be relatively slight sensitive to prices. A customer has a recognized value of a product in his drumhead and a favored brand name enhances this value by leaps and bounds. Hence here the customer is willing to pay more than the expected price if the brand name is preferred. A loyal customer is less(prenominal) price sensitive. enclose environment A stores environment, its berth and the number of outlets it has also influence the consumers shopping pattern ( (Evans, 1996) (Milliman, 1982) (Grewal, 2002)). If a consumer is commodious with the variety of products available in a store and the services provided to him hence e becomes loyal. Also attributes of other shoppers, the behavior of sales reps, the displays, the store design, and the advertisements displayed, signs, colors etc. are other factors that affect consumers. Also if the store is attractive from the inside, the shopper would be encouraged to spend more clock time inside the store and may purchase more which ultimately would affect his loyalty to the brand which owns the store. gumptiond store image also has a direct impact on the intention to purchase.Promotion ( (Czernawski, 1999) (Evans, 1996) (Komal)) Promotion forms one of the most important components of the 4 Ps of marketing. It acknowledges advertising, sales promotion and in the flesh(predicate) marketing. Advertising includes print media, electronic media and billboards. The paper by Evans shows that how advertising shapes a key role in determining whether a person becomes loyal to a brand or not. A attraction of times a dvertisements are the first point of opposition between a person and the product and hence the image and acquaintance of the product is formed in the mind of the customer through this flair only. Thus good advertisements in any form are a way to attract brand switchers and generate loyalty among them. A research paper by Komal Nagar lays emphasis on the fact that consumer promotions assume a supreme(p) impact on brand switchers but not on brand loyalists. attend to Quality ( (Yonggui) good quality is a form of personal selling only since it includes direct contact between a salesperson and the customer. A lot of time impulse buying is incite by salespersons only. If the salespersons are friendly enough then(prenominal) such kind of stores is largely preferred others. If a bonding develops between the salesperson and the customer then it gradually spreads over to customer and the brand/store. Also personalization in the form of personal attention the customers gets at a stor e importantly influences loyalty. In banks and other financial institutions service quality is the most important factor that determines reputation.Research Background and HypothesisPrice and marking LoyaltyWakefield and Inman (2003) define price sensitivity as the extent to which individuals perceive and respond to changes or differences in prices for products or services. Further, Jin and Suh, (2005) define Price soul or price sensitivity as the degree to which the consumer focuses exclusively on paying low prices.Customers are generally seen to be price sensitive, and sales promotions have a significant effect on their choice behavior (Gazquez-Abad, 2009) characterizing the deal-proneness of consumers by analysis of price sensitivity and brand loyalty an analysis in the retail environment. mug loyalty towards clothes in a leading market, sometimes called Generation Y is also importantly influenced by price consciousness It was one of the three variables recognized as having a compulsory influence on brand loyalty.According to Cadogan and Foster (2000), price is probably the most important consideration for the average consumer. But Consumers with high brand loyalty are willing to pay a premium price for their favored brand, so, their purchase intention is not easily affected by price. another(prenominal) studies also suggest that Brand loyal customers tend to be less sensitive to price.Further, research suggests that price shows a supportive kindred with brand loyalty Price has also increasingly become a major point in consumers judgments of offer value as well as their overall assessment of the retailerIn addition, customers have a unwavering belief in the price and value of their favorite brands and they compare and estimate prices with alternative brands (Evans, 1996) Consumers satisfaction can also be built by comparing price with perceived personifys and values. If the perceived values of the product are greater than cost, it is observed that consumers will purchase that product.Ho thither is no significant and positive relationship between price and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear.Ha in that respect is a significant and positive relationship between price and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear. crossing Quality and Brand LoyaltyQuality is relatively tough to define. If Nipponese philosophy is to be kept in mind, then quality is cipher defects. According to another definition, quality is conformance to requirements (Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry 1985).Here a difference needs to be made between perceived and butt quality. Perceived quality has been defined as the consumers judgment about a products overall excellence or superiority. Perceived product quality is a global assessment characterized by a high abstraction level and refers to a specific consumption setting Objective quality refers to the actual technical excellence of the product that can be verified and thrifty (Monroe and Krishman, 1985).Romano and Vinelli (2001) state that quality must be guaranteed in apparel heavens for customers to remain brand loyal.Consumers today are becoming more and more quality conscious. Quality Consciousness is defined as the tendency of consumers to deliberately search and get the highest possible quality products in their purchases (Sporles and Kendall 1986).Brand loyalty towards clothes among a leading market called Generation Y is significantly influenced by quality consciousness. (Ertekin.)Functional attributes in sportswear include quick-dry, breathable, waterproof, odor-resistant, lightweight, and healthful and finally, durability which is the use life of garments. For instance, some consumers wear their sportswear for moody work and some for leisure and sports, as they need a lot of movement, while durability is an important consideration in purchasing sportswear (D.A., 1988)Perfectionist or quality consciousness is defined as an awareness of and rely for high quality products, and the need to make the best or perfective tense choice versus buying the first product or brand available. (Sproles, 1986) This indicates that quality characteristics are also relate to performance. Also notable is the fact that consumers may repeat purchase a single brand, or switch between different brands depending on the product quality offered.Ho There is no significant and positive relationship between product quality and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear.Ha There is a significant and positive relationship between product quality and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear. blood line environment Brand LoyaltyRetail store perceptions such as store image and familiarity are extensively studied for apparel brands. (Forney, Park and Brandon 2005) Brand reputations and evaluations are built up over time evoke sales as consumers tend to be brand loyal and brand driven under the influence of store attributes such as staff, layout, location atmosphere. Fulberg (2003) adds that usin g merely music in a store to create attitudinal loyalty for the brands can be possible.Further Omar (1999) emphasized that the store environment was the single most important factor in retail marketing success and store longevity. If consumers find the store to be highly accessible during their shopping trip and are fit with the stores assortment and services, these consumers may become loyal afterwards (Evans et al., 1996). The stimuli in the store, such as the characteristic of other shoppers and salespeople, store layout, noises, smells, temperature, shelf space and displays, sign, colors, and merchandise, affect consumers and serve as elements of apparel attributes. (Abraham, 1995) Also background music played in the stores affects attitudes and behavior. The slow-beat melodious selection leads to higher sales volume as consumers spend more time and money in a conducive environment. Research also suggests a positive and significant relationship between store environment and sp ortswear brand loyalty.Ho There is no significant and positive relationship between store environment and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear.Ha There is a significant and positive relationship between store environment and brand loyalty on consumer sportswearBrand name Brand LoyaltyFamous brand names can disseminate product benefits and lead to higher recall of advertised benefits than non-famous brand names. (Evans, 1996) In case there are a lot of brand names in the market, many another(prenominal) of which are unfamiliar, consumers may prefer and institutionalize the major brand names. Also brand personality provides links to the brands emotional and self-expressive benefits for differentiation. This is important for brands which have only minor physical differences and are consumed in a social setting where the brand can create a visible image about the consumer itself. This is an especially valid point for sports apparels industry.Brand name is the creation of an image or the development of a brand identity and is an expensive and time consuming process. Consumers generally tend to perceive the products from an overall perspective, associating with the brand name all the attributes and satisfaction undergo by the purchase and use of the product.Ho There is no significant and positive relationship between brand name and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear.Ha There is a significant and positive relationship between brand name and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear.Promotion Brand LoyaltyPromotion is a marketing mix component which is a kind of communication with consumers. Promotion includes the use of advertising, sales promotions, personal selling and publicity. Research suggests that if one brand is sufficiently stronger than the other and if advertising is cost effective, then the stronger brand loyalty requires less advertising than weaker brand loyalty, but a larger loyal element requires more advertising than a smaller loyal segment. Moreo ver, stronger brand loyalty requires more trade promotion spending under these conditions. (Aggarwal, 1996)According to Rowley (1998), promotion is an important element of a firms marketing strategy. Promotion is used to communicate with customers with respect to product offerings, and it is also a way to encourage purchase or sales of a product or service. Sales promotion tools are used by most organizations in support of advertising and public relations activities, and they are targeted toward consumers as final users.Advertising is known to be a non-personal presentment of information in mass media about a product, brand, company or store. It greatly affects consumers images, beliefs and attitudes towards products and brands, and in turn, influences their brand loyalty (Evans et al., 1996).Ho There is no significant and positive relationship between promotion and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear.Ha There is a significant and positive relationship between promotion and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear.Service quality Brand LoyaltyService quality is commonly defined as the service which should correspond to the customers expectations and satisfy their needs and requirements (Gronroos, 1990). Service quality is a kind of personal selling, and involves direct interactions between the salespeople and potential buyers. Consumers shop at specific stores because they like the services being rendered and are assured of sealed service privileges.The impact of salespeople-consumer relationships more often than not result in long term orientation of consumers towards the store or brand. Trust in salespeople appears to relate to overall perceptions of the stores service quality, and results in the consumer being totally satisfied with the stores in the end. Additionally, personalization (i.e. reliability, responsiveness, personalization and tangibles) significantly influence consumers experience and evaluation of service, and in turn, affects the brand loyalt y of consumers (Mittal, B. and Lassar, W.M., 1996).Gronroos (1990) notes that the quality of a service as perceived by customers has three dimensions attached to it functional (or process) dimension, technical (or outcome) dimension, and image.Ho There is no significant and positive relationship between service quality and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear.H1 There is a significant and positive relationship between service quality and brand loyalty on consumer sportswear.Brand Loyalty as a mediator and Intention to purchaseBrand loyalty is defined largely as a consumers strong loading towards a particular brand to the extent where the consumer will be motivated to obtain that brand exclusively on every purchase transaction and is constantly looking out for any marketing activities related to the brand (Baldinger, 1996). Loyalty is one factor that many studies have shown to have a strong influence on purchase decision (Alvarez et al., 2000).Research suggests that brand loyalty is the main variable which influences the purchase decision process of both national and store brands. Loyalty does not only influence the decision of store choice, but also the brand choice and the quantity of products purchased. poring over purchase intentions is very important in the retail segment, including sports apparels. Several studies have reported a positive correlation between purchase intentions and purchase behavior. (David, 1996)Impulse purchase is also very important for a segment such as sportswear. (Armstrong, 2006)revealed that approximately 30% of the total purchase of university athletic teams licensed merchandise was impulsively purchased by the universitys students.Ho There is no significant and positive relationship between brand loyalty and intention to purchase on consumer sportswear.H1 There is no significant and positive relationship between brand loyalty and intention to purchase on consumer sportswear.The en ingest illustrating the constructs is given b elowMethodsMeasuresThe constructs were thrifty with the help of Likert scales. They responses ranged from 1(strongly disagree) to 5(strongly agree), except in the case of intention to purchase scale which ranged from 1(strongly disagree) to 7(strongly agree).SampleThe sample was collected using an online questionnaire. A total of 146 people responded to the questionnaire. No personal information of the respondents was collected, aside from their age, as the study focuses on the age group of 18-30.Intention to purchase Intention to purchase was measured with a three- stop scale arrange in a paper by Baker, Michael J. and Gilbert A. Churchill, Jr. (1977). A sample tip is If you needed a sport apparel would you prefer this brand if you saw it in a store longer?Brand name Brand name was measured with a four-item scale entrap in a paper by Cadogan, J. W. and Foster, B. D. (2000). A sample item is the esteemed brand name and image attract me to purchase this brandProduct Quality Prod uct quality was measured with a five-item scale found in a paper by Sproles, G.B. and Kendall, E. L. (1986). A sample item is the materials used by the brand of the sportswear are comfortablePrice Price was measured with a two-item scale found in a paper by Cadogan, J. W. and Foster, B. D. (2000). A sample item is the increased price would not hinder my purchase decisionPromotion Promotion was measured with a three-item scale found in a paper by Wong Foong Yee and Yahyah Sidek (2008) A sample item is advertisements of the brands attract me to purchase more frequently.Service quality Service quality was measured with a four-item scale found in a paper by Mittal, B. and Lassar, W.M. (1996). A sample item is the salespersons of the stores are well trained and knowledgeableStore environment Store environment was measured with a four-item scale found in a paper by Dhruv Grewal, R. Krishnan, Julie Baker, Norm Borin. A sample item is the brand has good store locations and easy to accessBra nd loyalty Brand loyalty was measured with a four-item scale found in a paper by Odin, Yorick, Nathalie N. Odin, and Pierre Valette-Florence (2001). A sample item is the brand name is the first thing I look for when I purchase sports apparelsStep 1It summarizes the results of a regression analysis using intention to purchase as the measurement variable and the six independent variables as predictor.It is clear that the independent variables are significantly related to intention to purchase of sports apparels.The values achieved are R2 = 0.374, F = 13.846, pService quality and Store environment were most significantly related to intention to purchase.Step 2It summarizes the results of a regression analysis using brand loyalty as the criterion variable and the six independent variables as predictor.Results signify that independent variables are also significantly related to brand loyalty.The values out of regression are R2 = 0.358, F = 12.913 and pService quality again was most sign ificantly related to brand loyalty.Step 3It summarizes the results of a regression analysis using intention to purchase as the criterion variable and brand loyalty and six independent variables as predictor.From the results obtained we can see that all the independent variables and brand loyalty are significantly related to intention to purchase.The values out of regression are R2 = 0.391, F = 12.650 and pBrand loyalty and store environment were more significantly related to intention to purchase than other variables.The values of beta for all the independent variables in step 1 were greater than their values in step 3. This signifies that the relationship, although still significant, is reduced in magnitude. Hence there is a partial mediation effect. Service quality was most significantly related to intention to purchase out of all the six independent variables. Price and promotion, on the other hand, were least significantly related.Discussion and ImplicationsThe current study exp lored the intention to purchase vis a vis Brand Loyalty. Brand name, Product quality, Price, Service Quality, Store environment and promotion as independent variables. The mediator here was Brand Loyalty. The study was unique in the sense that it explored the intention to purchase while considering the factors of brand loyalty. This study provides an effective tool to apparel makers while opening up a new store in the sense that it enables them to exploit the major factors to leverage upon the buyers intention to purchase by centre more on the factors which affect the Brand Loyalty the most.Among the factors of Brand Loyalty service quality emerged as the single biggest factor which partially negociate by Brand Loyalty influences the customers intention to purchase. The results entail that sales person consumer relation will more often than not result in long term association of the consumer with the brand. Also it is clear from the results obtained that users dont consider promot ion as a factor while deciding upon the apparel to purchase as it has the lowest correlation with the consumers intention to purchase. Also price considered as an important factor in previous researches emerged as another factor which is insignificant compared to other variables except for store environment. This can be explained on the basis that the consumers already have an image of the brands. This is enforced by factors like service quality, product quality etc. and the price factor is not given any weightage. There is also a second flat coat for this. This is that all the brands we included in the consideration set of the people fill up up the survey are priced similar. This is a very important result in the sense that it guides the apparel stores to provide better service. other important result which emerged was the insignificance of promotion. Promotion here comprises both advertisements plus the discounts given in the form of clearance sales, sweep stakes, coupons etc. This doesnt contribute to consumers long term brand loyalty. Although it can lead to sudden interest in consumers mind regarding the particular brand offering the discount but it certainly doesnt translate into long term brand loyalty.Brand name is another factor which emerges as a strong variable which important influences the consumers intention to purchase. Consumers tend to perceive the products from an overall perspective, associating with the brand name all the attributes and satisfaction experienced by the purchase and use of the product. But it is clear from the research that it cannot be attributed as the single biggest factor which influences the consumers brand loyalty or intention to purchase.LimitationsThe biggest limitation of the study which stems from the design of the research is the focus on the age group 18 to 30 years of age. We controlled this variable consciously to study the behavior in this age group. But the age group 30+ is a very big chunk of consumers who buy sports apparels. Taking into taradiddle their preference is bound to change certain findings in the study presented above. Another important limitation of the study is that the study doesnt explore the factors which make up the independent variables i.e. factors like promotion entail a multitude of factors like advertisements, personal selling, discounts, clearance sales and sweepstakes. All these factors in promotion and many more in factors like store environment, service quality could not be explored. This stemmed from the fact that if we had decided to explore all these factors then the questionnaire would have been very long. Another thing where the study lacks is that it doesnt explore how to obey customers. Although brand loyalty is very important factor in retention of consumers but this is not the only factor.Scope for Future ResearchThere is a lot of scope for improvements and enhancing the results obtained in the research presented. The biggest perhaps is to includ e the consumers in the age group above 30 years and above. This is because that they form a big chunk as consumers in the sports apparels. The inclusion of consumers in this age group will provide a holistic study of their preferences. Another way forward is to incorporate in the study the factors which influence the consumers to recommend the product to other. Word to word mouth is very important factor especially in the peer group in the age group of 18 30 years of age. Also as state in the limitations study we could not include the factors which make up the independent variables e.g. exploring which factors influence the most in service quality so that the store owner can concentrate on those factors more in parliamentary procedure to provide customer an enriching experience so that long term relationship between consumers and the brand.

Searching for Assata :: essays research papers

Searching for Assata     I thought long and hard about the type of creative project I cherished to do for my Gender & Society fork. This project is a rattling cool one, in which gender and the social occasions I learned in class would be combined. At first, I was going to interview four young African-American girls about their experiences about being Black and female in this society. Due to technical difficulties (raggedly camcorder), I was not able to complete that task. hence I thought about doing a feminist critique of Scarlett OHara, the main character from Gone with the Wind but that type of thing is for a ten-page paper, not a creative project. Finally, I decided to do a collage depicting the life of Assata Shakur, one of the most wrongly convicted individuals in U.S. history. Her story is a sad chapter in American history, in which the color of her skin, social class, political affiliation, and gender played a economic consumption in her subseq uent exile from her homeland.     On May 2 1973, racial prejudice would change the life of Assata Shakur forever. An incident of what would now be designate racial profiling takes place on the refreshful island of Jersey Turnpike. Ms. Shakur, an quick participant in the Black Liberation Army (BLA), was traveling with friends, Malik Zayad Shakur and Sundiata Acoli when tell apart troopers stopped them, reportedly because of a broken headlight. A trooper explained that they were jealous because they had Vermont license plates. The three were made to exit the car with their hands up. all in all of a sudden, shots were fired. When it was all over, state trooper Werner Foerster and Malik Shakur were killed. Ms. Shakur and Mr. Acoli were charged with the deaths of state trooper Foerster and Zayd Malik Shakur. While held in jail, she was shackled and chained to a bed, with bullet wounds electrostatic in her chest. She was also forced to undergo the jabs of shotgu n butts of the New Jersey State troopers and heard their voices shouting Nazi slogans and threats to her life. In the history of New Jersey state, no female prisoner had ever been treated as she, confined to a mens prison, under twenty-four hr surveillance of her most intimate bodily functions.Ms. Shakur and Mr. Acoli were eventually sentenced to 30 eld plus life. Although the verdict was no surprise since it was an all-White jury who convicted them, many questioned the racial injustice of the trial because it was riddled with many human rights violations and constitutional errors.

Joseph Conrads Background and Heart of Darkness Plot Summary Essay

Joseph Conrad was an author whose life was as equally amazing as the stories he wrote. In umteen cases, he derived the situations he wrote about from his many experiences as a seaman and adventurer. Born Teodor Jozef Konrad Korzeniowski on December 3, 1857, of a patriotic Polish couple living in the Polish Ukraine, he did not have the average childhood of the time (Bibliography 1).   When Conrad was five age old, his father was arrested for alleged actions in revolutionary plots against Russia and was exiled to northern Russia with the young Conrad and his mother. repayable to her already weak health, his mother did not last the imprisonment and died at the age of thirty-four. His father sent the young Conrad back to his uncle for an education. Orphaned at twelve years old due to his fathers untimely death, Conrad entered a landed estate of deep emotional stress (Conrad, Joseph). With the break of the strong bond divided by Conrad and his father, his writings as an adult wo uld later convey a melancholic attitude.   After receiving a good education in Cracow, Poland, and spending time traveling, Conrad decided to leave Poland. At the age of sixteen, he left-hand(a) the grip of Russian-occupied Poland and set out for Marseilles, France to pursue the unlikely c areer pickax of a life at sea. For the next four years he worked on French ships, smuggled guns to Spain, and was allegedly involved in a duel that wounded him. He continued to work at sea, which became an inbuilt part of most of his works, and in 1878 at the age of twenty-one, Conrad left France for England (Conrad, Joseph).   When he arrived in England, Conrad knew no English, but signed onto an English ship anyway. On this ship, he began to learn E... ...incensed that he lied to the woman, but did nothing and left her.   Finally, the scene returns to the present deck of the Nellie where silence ensues with the end of Marlows story. The men plowshare no feelings of the emot ional story they have just heard and are more or less indifferent. They just sit afloat on the Thames, which seems to flow into the endless darkness of the horizon.   Works Cited Bibliography of Joseph Conrad. Heart of Darkness & deoxyadenosine monophosphate The Secret Sharer. New York Harper & adenylic acid Brothers, 1983. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness & amp The Secret Sharer. New York Harper & Brothers, 1910. Conrad, Joseph. Microsoft Encarta. Microsoft Corporation Funk & Wagnallis Corporation, 1994. Guerard, Albert J. Introduction. Heart of Darkness & The Secret Sharer. New York Penguin Books, 1978.  

Expansion Of Arthurs Battle With The Giant :: essays research papers

Arthur turned his head in the direction the womans discern and there before him stood the giant that he had heard so some(prenominal) about during the past few days. It stood almost 20 feet off the foundation and carried a society bigger than Arthur himself. The stench of rotting human corpses emanated from its repellant body and insects of every sort imaginable crawled freely through its pilus and under its skin. Arthur stood motionless, stunned for a moment by the unbelievable hideousness of the creature."How could a graven image who created the beauty of things such as the forests and mountains also be trustworthy for creating such filth?" thought Arthur. He then put his attain on his sword and grasped it tightly. Was this giant more than he could handle? Would his self-respect and honor lead him to his death? If Merlin was right, and God was not on his side, how could he expect to win this fight? Arthurs stomach began to churn as all these thoughts flew through his mind and he clenched Excalibur even tighter. The giant was carrying the bodies of twelve peasants on its back. The sight of the dead men and women the giant had so mercilessly killed enraged Arthur. This beast would pay dearly for its crimes if he had anything to do with it."May great God in heaven, who rules the world, give you a concisely life and shameful death Surely you are the most repellant fiend that was ever formed Guard yourself, you dog, and prepare to die, for this day my detainment will kill you" exclaimed Arthur.The giant answered Arthur by raising its massive club and swinging it at him. Arthur could feel a gust of wind breastfeed against him as the tree-sized club whipped through the air towards him. He raised his protect with his head covered in an attempt to block the giants blow. This was the worst blow up of fighting for Arthur, not being able to see what was happening, he would stupefy to leave his fate up to God.The blow came quickly, comple tely jolting and sensational Arthur and shattering his shield into sawdust, but at least he was be quiet alive. If God was to forsake him, today was not the day He did so. Arthurs metier and confidence grew after he survived the first blow for he believed God would protect him tonight.

Confucian Values And Japans Industrialization :: essays research papers

Confucian Values and japans IndustrializationMany factors helped countenance in the dynamic growth that occurred in Japan andthe four little dragons during the stigmatise- being war 2 period. Some of thesefactors were situational factors unique to the time but some of the factors werecultural. The bequest of Confucianism in Japan and the four little dragons helpedto further the goals of industrialization that these nations had. The usagesof Confucianism provided for Japan and the four little dragons both a pliantpublic and a model for choosing competent leading.Confucian traditions placed an emphasis on the determine of the group overthe individual. This helped industrialism by creating a pliant populace who were willing to accept long hours and low wages and not question political relation policies.The traditions of Confucianism taught workers not to question authority. Thesetraditions carried over into the post war period and allowed peremptoryregimes in the four little dr agons to go unquestioned by the public. This neglectof dissent allowed the four little dragons to have stable governments which werecritical to investiture and industrialization. The stability of these nations wasa direct result of Confucian values existence indoctrinated into the population.Confucian placement of the group over the individual and strong dogma in filialpiety also caused families and local communities to accept hearty responsibilityfor members of their community. This safety net that was provided by communitiesand families allowed the government to limit its outgo on social welfareprograms and thus channel more bullion into infrastructure and industry.Confucianism also placed an emphasis on self-cultivation which has helped eastmostAsian Countries to have a skilled and ambitious work force. The tradition ofself-cultivation like the work ethic that Max Weber assign Protestantism ofproducing lead people to strive to acquire new skills, speak alien languages,a nd in the offices and businesses of Japan, drive workers to strive with intheir firms to improve group performance.Confucian traditions also placed emphasis on the creation of ameritocratic elite and the use of entrance exams. These traditions were in placebefore World War 2 in the East Asian countries but they helped aid in thecarrying out of the industrial policies of the post-war government of Japan andthe little Dragons. The traditional system of a meritocratic elite was adoptedin the post war years in the form of meritocraticly chosen bureaucracy that makeand carried out many government policies. This elite was free from many of thestrains of politics and thus was able to carry out policies that democraticallyelected leaders might not be able to pursue do to the changing feelings of the

Essay --

Notorious gang approaches a man with a red clothe and beats him to death for sleeping with the wrong fair sex. The man wronged the gang first, hardly the gang overreacted by beating him to death, who is at fault? Luckily, we have rights created by the Legislature to protect us and guide us in such situations, laws the president at that time agreed upon and that are interpreted by the judicial system. This is k without delayn as the system of checks and balances, introduced by our nations forefathers in attempt to balance the power in this new country. though it was obviously necessary punt then, it is still necessary today in this very age. The system of checks and balances plays a major role when our forefathers were writing the formation as they were making certain(predicate) no one area of judicature had too much power of the others. Using checks and balances, our forefathers made sure severally one of the three offset printinges of government give notice limit the p owers of the others. It is a roll that often begins when the legislative branch introduces a bill. Then the bill heads carrying into action to the executive branch, where the electric chair decides whether he (or yet to be she) believes that the bill is true(p) for the country. If the bill seems good for the country, the President signs the bill, and it becomes a law. It is called a veto when the President doesnt sign the bill. However, if of the legislature votes to pass the bill, the legislative branch hind end override the executive veto, and the bill will then become a law. Once a law is in place, it is up to the judicial branch to interpret said law and determine, through cases, whether or not the law is constitutional. If a citizen of the United States believes a law is unfair, a lawsuit can be filed. Lawyers will argue for and ag... ...very nationality found was included, as well as an equal number of male and female). Our country needs this system now in this very ag e not only to satisfy the 22% of students that know what the system is, but in order to make sure our politicians do not acquire so much influence and/or power that they can control this beautiful, diverse, and wondrously helping nation where the mess who live in it can follow their dreams until the end of their lives.The system of checks and balances are necessary today just as they are necessary back when they were written by the forefathers of our nation. The judicial branch interprets laws made from bills signed by the President who receives those bills from the Legislature. And so the victims of crimes are in luck. Crimes such as the murder of an man by a gang for sleeping with the wrong woman may then be brought to justice.

Purloined Letter Essay -- essays research papers

A Critical Analysis of The Purloined Letterby Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poes emphasise figure outd him to write the short story ThePurloined Letter. One important modulate on the story is that Poe seem to feel inferior tohis class dyad while in college, which may form been why he wrote Dupin to be seen assuperior to his colleagues. While at the University of Virginia he owed others highamounts of capital because of gambling, he would drink excessively to help hide hisfeelings of inadequacy. (Taylor) The second influence on this short story I believe is Poes finish in the United States Army. He time in the military was unsuccessful. Because of his fetch he made the Perfect of the police a little abstracted in intelligence. Thisbackground, together with a believable plot, convincing characterization, and importantliterary devices, enables Edgar Allan Poe in The Purloined Letter to develop the themthat characteristic of the human animal to leave out the obvious.This story does not have a surprise ending nor does is in truth have a sense ofsuspense. You know from the beginning who took the earn, but you do not know whatinformation was contained in the letter and how that information would have affect thequeen. The only surprise may be in where the letter was keep throughout the story, inplain site. The Perfect of the police searched the government ministers lodgings many nigh...

The Sentiment, Mood, and Philosophy of The Best Slow Dancer :: Free Essay Writer

The Sentiment, Mood, and Philosophy of The go around Slow social dancerFeelings can twist reality in the most peculiar ways. Emotions pull the top dog to the most stunning conclusions, and stir within the soul the strangest storms. In fact, senses reach their peak in David Wagoners poetic impart The Best Slow terpsichorean. In the poem, Wagoner brings out the top side of sentiment through the eyes of a teenage boy at a school dance, who overcomes the teenage social hierarchy and his own affright to share in the longed-for dance with one special fille. alone the while Wagoner takes his readers into depths of wafting dreaminess, romance, and intimacy they are projected through an unceasing flow of words uninterrupted by punctuation, rhythm, or strict lines. The Best Slow Dancer portrays the mental state of a boy as he experiences a dance. It is a short dance, but one that seems to him prolong for an eternity, the three-second rule forever/ suspended. The feelings that go th rough the youths soul range from thoroughgoing delight to just as extreme tension, and the reader may see them all exhibited in the lines of the poem. His surety when with the girl in his embrace is seen when his countless feet light-footed sure to move as they wished wherever they might stagger without her, but then he attemptto tell her he wasnt the worst one, the worst of the boys, the one that she would non be seen dead withwhich implies that he is fearful of the fact that she might reject him, not waving a sister somebody elses partner. The honest textual image demonstrates that the boy is with all his heart trying to publish the girl, and gets the dance with her against all odds of popularity and such, and then he treasures the experience, as he says to himself remember at the end.All throughout The Best Slow Dancer, the key ingredient to the image within the readers mind is the mood unbending by the poem. The mood is mystical, quixotic, intimate, and continual. This sta te is accomplished by three techniquespoetic devices, turns of phrase, and contortion of syntax. The main pair of poetic devices that set up all these moods and humors simultaneously are enjambment and synecdoche. Enjambment is funny in this poetic work, especially in descriptions of physical setting or fix, such as the setting of the dance, in the school gym crosswise the key through the glitter/ of mirrored light, or the position of the main character with his cheek against her temple, her ear just under/ that.

Grief Patterns in Children Essay -- science

Grief Patterns in ChildrenA simple child That mildly draws its breath And feels its life in every limb What should it know of remnant. This headspring has been posed by many philosophers, religious leaders and psychologists for centuries, yet has been a potent taboo in society even today. As the arena of psychology is gaining ground and knowledge in how behaviors affect the way in which we interact with others, we are discovering new ways to approach and view the amiable playes of a human and apply them to how a person grieves that qualifying. But date oft times those assumptions, hypothesis, and theories are made by adults for adults, the child is a more difficult subject in which to study since it has non achieved its suppurate moral capabilities. For the adult, a full and eventful life is the predecessor of a grasp of what life and death actually entail, whereas for the child a everlasting(a) and incomprehensible approach is taken when trying to recognise and rational ize its passing game. These differences casing much pain and suffering for both adults and children when one does not understand what each is going with and involves, especially those of the child. It is often mistaken that bereavement, grief, and affliction are all used synonymously, when they are all in fact quite different terms, which are essential to understanding what relates to a difference proceeding a death. Bereavement alludes to the stress that the person who has experienced the loss is feeling, nevertheless not necessarily defining the stress nature. Grief is the actual process that follows in stages which may occur at different times turn out the death and loss. According to Tom Golden, LCSW, grief is related to desire. Whether the desire is volumed or small, if it is not met, (one) will probably pack grief. (Tom Golden, Crisis, Grief, & Healing) Mourning, according to Sigmund Freud, is the mental work following the loss of a love object through with(predica te) death. (Fuhrman, 1974, p 34, quoting S. Freud, 1915/1957) It not only concerns itself with the present loss but in like manner with the future possibility of relationships. But when a person experiences the loss of a reboot through death, they are forever shaped and mettled. Although it has been theorized and debated over whether a child mourns or is even capable of mourning, the affirmations on the cases part have been very well supported. In order to understand the differ... ...h is a process, not an event. (p. 47) When expecting a child to demonstrate certain characteristics, it is not uncommon for the parent to be confused since both are on different levels of recognizing the loss and toileting with it. Attempting to understand and sympathize with the child and to help them effectively deal with their emotions and confusion is very helpful, not only for the child but for the parent. Everyone, at some point in their life, is going to experience a death or have someone clo se to them experience a death, the attain is communication--opening up and being perceptive to the needs of the bereaved. Sometimes the survivors will stand for attitudes and actions which show independence and strength yet have needs that need to be met. The everyday changes everyone experiences are and can be very burdensome, but for children, with the uncertainty of their worlds and the people that fill them, it may seem almost unrealistic to deal with. The significance is in helping the children to deal with their loss at a developmentally appropriate level and to help them get through their feelings and to rebuild their lives with the environment in which theyve been left.

Cannibalism Essay example -- Religion Violence Cannibal Essays

Cannibalism Cannibalism has been around since the beginning of time. Mainly as an deed of defense or as an alternate, last resort, for food. Cannibalism is also used as an act of violence among animals to preserve their genetics. Human cannibalism however, was not used as an act of violence to cause pain and anguish amongst other human beings. Cannibalism within the human race is widely known throughout the world, though you may not know it. From New Guinea to the high comeupance of Arizona the utilise of cannibalism has been used. Why cannibalism was practiced is still a brain-teaser to umpteen. Some think it actually was an act of violence, to torture the spirits of others as penalize for invading the other persons territory. Cannibalism, however, has much more consequence than most people actually think. As a religious practice cannibalism is very important to many tribes around the world. Gr cancel out consequences await those who do not cannibalize their dead . As a source of food, the people who resorted to this were in situations of life or death. They did not kill people around them to survive, however ate the already deceased. However, there are around cases of cannibalism that are not necessary, and allow yet to be determined what would provoke someone to eat another person just because they fateed too. For the most part though, cannibalism throughout the world has been questioned but none have really ventured out to align the true answers to it. A very curious subject indeed, cannibalism is not as grim a subject as most people have thought it to be. Although cannibalism is thought to be heatless and cruel, under dire raft and for religious purposes, it is not an act of malice. Like many things cannibalism has differe... ... very universal. Cannibalism is not an act of malice to cause pain and anguish to those being cannibalized, for many it is for the better of their people. For survival means, had those people lost not cannibalized the deceased members of their party, no one would have survived. While there are still some cases of cannibalism that are not justified the ones that are recorded are few and far between. Cannibalism is a way of life for some people, why should which be looked down upon and grimaced at? Cannibals are human just like anyone else, with distinguishable beliefs and ways of life. It is not cruel to release a loved ones soul into the afterlife, or to make use of a friend that would probably want you to live through something that they happened not to live through. They are not cruel, they cannibalize because it is part of them, in order to live their life.

interview :: essays research papers

The family member that was interviewed was Erin. The kindred bet fixn the interviewer and the interviewee is third cousins through marriage. The interview took place in Erins apartment maintenance room. Since she is an RA she lives in one of the apartments of Sara Tracy Dorm. When the interviewer walked into the room he could tell that she was very clean and rather sophisticated, just by the centering her room was set up. The interviewee was sitting on her futon and was very alert. There were tip and yellow carnations on the table, which I found out that they be non real. Erin 20 years old and has an ethnic origin of Irish. Erin is a tweed and when asked what religion she was, Erin responded proudly Catholic. The next question to be asked was what are you wearing? and me non paying attention to the question read it allowed, when I could have just observed her to answer the question. But, she caught my slip up and she responded nil and laughed sarcastically. In reality, she had on a older and faded WJU swimming island of Jersey on with a pair of worn out jeans. She seamed beaming and content, but when I asked what is your mood today? she said, Alright, calm I supposalnot too happy and not too sad. Then I asked her about her attitude and she responded with happy to be interviewed. Erins moms family is from New York, and her dads family is from western United States Virginia. She was born in San Diego, California, on August 10, 1984. Her family then moved to Connecticut when Erin was just a wee lad as she put it, so she does not remember a whole lot from that particular time period. Then after living in Connecticut for a couple of years her family moved to West Virginia where they are presently located now. Erin has many of friends who are outgoing and not afraid to speak their mind. All of them are nice and funny. They know how to dissemble a good time out of the worst days. Erin, however, is pretty more than the brain of the operations that they carry out. During the interview Erin was sitting on her futon drunkenness a cup of coffee acting all sophisticated. She was really relaxed and was not fidgeting like I was, so she did not seem like she was nervous.

My College Plans :: essays research papers

My College PlansAt first I never had treasured to go to college because I didnt the likeschool, but now as I get older I realize that I will conduct a college education tomake it in life. So when the unbelief came up what college would I like to goto? I knew right away that I wanted to go to the University of Kentucky. It isthe only college that I would ever considering going to, I love this collegewith a deep passion. They wealthy person my favorite basketball team up and the alsorepresent Kentucky (The state in which I was born.).From its modest beginnings in 1865, when it was bedn as a State College,the University of Kentucky has grown into one of the nations approximately outstandinginstitutions of higher learning. As a comprehensive land-grant university, UKoffers an educational witness that cannot be matched anywhere in theCommonwealth. The Lexington campus consist of 764 acres and 24,200 students.It also employs 1,796 full-time faculty members. UK ranks among the top 100research institutions in the nation.When I was asked the question what I wanted to be when I grow up Ireally didnt know, until my Sophomore twelvemonth of high school. It wasnt till thenwhen I decided that I wanted to be a journalist. I shaft I just hadnt had mycall until then. This was the year that probably changed my whole life. It wasthe year that I took my first year of newspaper conformation. I really chose the familynot knowing what I was about to encounter. But, after I got to know everyone andhow the class worked I knew that I found my calling. I really enjoyed the classthat year because I really liked the teacher and the student editor. They dolearning how the newspaper class worked and how to work together as a team fun.I am now in my second year of the Pacer Post and looking forward to another year in advance of me. Hopefully when I graduate I will waste 3 years of high school newspaperclass add-on, I would like to have some on the job training. I already have a lotof experience with all kinds of computer programs such as Microsoft Works,Microsoft Word, Adobe Pagemaker 6.0, Corel 6.0, Netscape, Microsoft InternetExplorer, and Windows 95. I think that the combination of all these things plusa college degree will make for a good public life in journalism.When I attend the University of Kentucky I will not have to work through

The Nature of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay

The temperament of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeIt has long been debated that there be ii inclines to the human mind.Many philosophers befool stressed on the circumstance that human beings are doubled creatures. There is the duality of good and evil, right andwrong, happiness and despair. There always is the desire to do somethingwhich is against the society, against the laws, although this variesfrom person to person. Robert Stevenson brings the possibility of some other self in one person to life in his knowledgeability of Dr. Jekyll andMr. Hyde. His novel is a rich tale of the duality of mankind. We allhave a split personality in a sense, we have two sides to us rightand wrong. There is a Mr. Hyde in all of us anger, frustration,murderous thoughts all prevail in us although we have evolved so much.Morals, education, helping and unselfishness are the Jekyll side ofus. Stevenson believed that people knew they had a elusive side, but theyall refuse to ac cept the truth, as the dark side is so unpleasant.The novel demonstrates how innocent curiosity about the darkerelements of our record house soon get out of hand, how the evil triumphsover good if permit out of control. Stevenson portrays duality in almostall of his characters, mainly Dr. total heat Jekyll. The symbols used, thenarrative viewpoints and the language use by Stevenson also putsforward the dual nature of man. The philosophic context of thenovella also is another performer which Stevenson cleverly uses.Stevenson creates a novel of gothic genre, which was extremely popularat the time of release. And the bottom line of the novel is toentertain the reader. The nature of duality, the philosophicalcontext, the scientific context, symbolism, and hy... ...onality. Darwins theory of evolution and Freuds creation of psychoanalysis are well portrayed in this novel. Overall, Stevensonclearly implies that humans are a mixture of good and evil andchallenges the human perfectib ility, which was presumed for theupper physique at the time.I particularly enjoyed this novel as it was exploring various themesat the same time. One interesting point is that, when Jekyll made upthe transforming selective service, it never was intended to turn him evil. Itwas just his desires which propelled him to being Hyde. The potionjust acted as a catalyst and in the end it was Jekyll who destroyedhimself. We had discussed this in air division and it struck me as it wasntan evil potion. This also shows that Jekyll wanted to fragmentize throughthe Victorian laws and meet his inner desires, which leads us back tothe nature of duality.

Wrestling Ring :: essays research papers

Around the RingSince the counterbalance of time man has competed for supremacy, and in todays time postcode has changed, just how the game is contend. Professional grappling iron dates back to the early 1900s and late 1800s. The biggest grappler corporation that many fans can relate to is the mankind grappling iron Federation. The WWF is a huge corporation but is only cardinal of many and independent circuits across the nation are much small than the WWF. Explain and show just how wrestle as a free rein from the early to mid 1900s until present time has gone from wrestling to wrasslin, and from classic takedowns to phenomenal finishers.Wrestling began to get big in the unite states in early 1920s, wrestling didnt have that gigantic following, it was much of a characteral market. Wrestling promoters kept their shows in the region principally of where their wrestlers were located. Vince McMahon Sr. founded the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) and began to put show s unitedly in the New York area around. This established wrestlers like Classy Freddie Blassie, gorgeous George, Buddy Rogers, Bruno Sam Martini . These where the guys when wrestling was the real deal, when they could battle it out for the just to be called the best in the world, or in the northern region under the WWWF.. capital of Wisconsin Square garden was a common place for the WWWF to put on a show and because of this wrestling began to grow in familiarity in the late 40s early 50s. Madison Square Garden at the time was one of the most played in venues, pro basketball, boxing, and yes, now wrestling. Wrestling was increasingly popular in New York during the time of Vince Sr. operating the family (Metzler 13). Wrestling gates (ticket prices) where increasingly higher than they had been five years before, and the fan theme was continuing to grow, until the American reality got a new hero. The cowboy throw the wrestling world very hard, taking its fans and turning them awa y from the wrestling world. Cowboy shows destroyed american wrestling in the eyes of the public on TV. Wrestling would continue to suffer until Vince McMahon Jr. would buy the company from his father and turn it into a international phenomenon overnight (BTM). Wrestling became a industry when Vince Jr. took over as the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) became the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in the late 1970s with Hulk Hogan, Randy Savage, Andre the Giant, Iron Sheik, The Million Dollar Man Ted Dibiase, Ricky The dragon Steamboat, and Nature Boy Ric Flair .

Lead Toxicity: Its Effects on Fetal and Infant Development Essay

fleet Toxicity Its Effects on fetal and child phylogenesisLead toxicity has been an area of unending inquiry in recent years. There have been positive and negative correlations relating its toxic effects to both child developmental deficiencies and big(a) simple regression problems. This review will focus on the problems associated with the children. It will controvert assorted routes of entry of lead into the childs system, both prenatally and postnatally, the mechanisms employ by lead to cause the dysfunctions, and some of the neurological deficits believed to be caused by the lead exposure. The development of a child begins in utero and continues followers gestate thus both of these time frames must be examined as attainable periods of lead intoxication. During development, the foetus is at the mercy of its bugger off. If the mother has luxuriously linage lead levels during pregnancy, the developing fetus will have the same. This is referable to the miss of a tra ns transplacental barrier to lead. Thus, the maternal levels are systematically bear on to fetal levels throughout pregnancy. The mode of transport is not intelligibly understood. However, it has been suggested that it is a matter of simple diffusion for several reasons (1). First, is the close quantitative birth between maternal and fetal line of descent lead levels. Second, is the experimentally simulate linear relationship between the transfer of lead from the mother to the fetus and the umbilical blood menstruum rate. An increase in blood flow rate coupled with the change magnitude surface area of the placental barrier, 2 m2 to 11 m2, over the gestational period increases the transplacental diffusion (1). With this groom correlation in mind, it then becomes important to discuss viable sources of increased mater... ...991 13 203-211. 4.Bressler, J. P. and Goldstein, G.W. Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1991 41 479-84. 5. Dietrich, K. N. Human foetal Lead picture Intrauterine Growth, Maturation, and Postnatal Neurobehavioral Development. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 1991 16 17-19. 6. Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., and Sloman, J. Antecedents and Correlates of amend Cognitive Performance in Children Exposed in Utero to number 1 Levels of Lead. environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 5-11. 7. Bhattacharya, A., Shukla, R., Bornschein, R. L., et.al. Lead Effects on postural sleep of Children. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 35-42. 8. Ernhart, C. B. and Greene, T. Low-Level Lead Exposure in the Prenatal and Early Preschool Periods Language Development. Archives of Environmental Health. 1990 45 342-354. Lead Toxicity Its Effects on Fetal and Infant Development EssayLead Toxicity Its Effects on Fetal and Infant DevelopmentLead toxicity has been an area of unending research in recent years. There have been positive and negative correlations relating its toxic effects to both child developmenta l deficiencies and adult regression problems. This review will focus on the problems associated with the children. It will discuss various routes of entry of lead into the childs system, both prenatally and postnatally, the mechanisms employed by lead to cause the dysfunctions, and some of the neurological deficits believed to be caused by the lead exposure. The development of a child begins in utero and continues following birth thus both of these time frames must be examined as possible periods of lead intoxication. During development, the fetus is at the mercy of its mother. If the mother has high blood lead levels during pregnancy, the developing fetus will have the same. This is due to the lack of a transplacental barrier to lead. Thus, the maternal levels are consistently equal to fetal levels throughout pregnancy. The mode of transport is not clearly understood. However, it has been suggested that it is a matter of simple diffusion for several reasons (1). First, is the close quantitative relationship between maternal and fetal blood lead levels. Second, is the experimentally modeled linear relationship between the transfer of lead from the mother to the fetus and the umbilical blood flow rate. An increase in blood flow rate coupled with the increased surface area of the placental barrier, 2 m2 to 11 m2, over the gestational period increases the transplacental diffusion (1). With this direct correlation in mind, it then becomes important to discuss possible sources of increased mater... ...991 13 203-211. 4.Bressler, J. P. and Goldstein, G.W. Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1991 41 479-84. 5. Dietrich, K. N. Human Fetal Lead Exposure Intrauterine Growth, Maturation, and Postnatal Neurobehavioral Development. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 1991 16 17-19. 6. Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., and Sloman, J. Antecedents and Correlates of Improved Cognitive Performance in Children Exposed in Utero to Low Levels of Lead. Environmental H ealth Perspectives. 1990 89 5-11. 7. Bhattacharya, A., Shukla, R., Bornschein, R. L., et.al. Lead Effects on Postural Balance of Children. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 35-42. 8. Ernhart, C. B. and Greene, T. Low-Level Lead Exposure in the Prenatal and Early Preschool Periods Language Development. Archives of Environmental Health. 1990 45 342-354.